Tree species effects on understory forage productivity and microclimate in a silvopasture of the Southeastern USA

Castillo, Miguel S.; Tiezzi, Francesco; Franzluebbers, Alan J.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2020.106917

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Samples were scanned with a Foss NIRS Model 6500 (Foss North America) and NIRS model development was performed using a data analysis pipeline written in R environment (R Core Team, 2016). The pipeline was previously used in the successful development of NIRS models to determine forage nutritive value of native warm‐season grasses and bermudagrass (Bekewe et al., 2019; Castillo et al., 2020), and to compare predictions among benchtop and handheld NIRS devices (Acosta et al., 2020). To obtain a calibration for CP and ADF, a total of 147 samples (72 samples selected from this trial + 75 samples from bermudagrass trials previously conducted across North Carolina) were assembled into a library, in which both laboratory analyses and NIRS scans were available.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of five bermudagrass cultivars fertigated with swine lagoon effluent

Spearman¹,

Castillo

Sosinski

2021

Agronomy Journal

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Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] hay is an important output from land receiving swine (Sus scrofa) effluent application (also known as spray fields); however, there is limited information about cultivar differences in the upper Southeast United States. Herbage accumulation, nutritive value, tissue nitrate concentration, and stem maggot damage were evaluated for five bermudagrass cultivars ('Coastal', 'Midland 99', 'Ozark', 'Tifton 44', and 'Tifton 85') fertigated with swine effluent throughout three growing seasons (2016, 2017, and 2018). All cultivars achieved canopy height ≥35 cm by July and cover of 100% by August of year of planting. Based on 3-yr averages, Tifton 85 (9.3 Mg ha -1 ) had greater herbage accumulation than cultivars Coastal, Ozark, and Tifton 44 (≈7.9 Mg ha -1 ), and Midland 99 was intermediate (8.5 Mg ha -1 ). Bermudagrass stem maggot (Atherigona reversura) damage was consistently lower for Tifton 85 and resulted in larger differences in herbage accumulation in 2017 (11.2 vs. 8.4 Mg ha -1 for Tifton 85 and the other cultivars, respectively). There were moderate differences in crude protein concentration (ranged from 179 to 212 g kg -1 ) and no difference in total digestible nutrients (622 g kg -1 ). Tissue nitrate concentrations ranged from 3,433 to 16,168 mg NO 3 kg -1 . Differences in productivity and nutritive value were moderate among cultivars; however, in areas with potentially high bermudagrass stem maggot damage, greater utilization of Tifton 85, if adapted, is warranted. Hay production from spray fields results in high yields and high nutritive value forage. Frequent nitrate testing, if possible by harvested hay lot, is advised.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of five bermudagrass cultivars fertigated with swine lagoon effluent

Spearman¹,

Castillo

Sosinski

2021

Agronomy Journal

Self Cite

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“…Model development was performed using a data analysis pipeline written in R environment (R Core Team, 2016). The pipeline was previously used in the successful development of NIR models to determine chemical properties of wood (Hodge, Acosta, Unda, Woodbridge, & Mansfield, 2018) and nutritive value of switchgrass (Bekewe, Castillo, Acosta, & Rivera, 2019) and a mixture of native warm‐season grasses (Castillo, Tiezzi, & Franzluebbers, 2020). The pipeline has two separate phases: (a) transformations and outlier detection and (b) model training, cross‐validation, and prediction of new observations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of benchtop and handheld near‐infrared spectroscopy devices to determine forage nutritive value

2020

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The quality of predicted plant‐, soil‐, and animal‐response values from near‐infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra depends on the ability to generate appropriate NIR models. The first step in the development of NIR models is collection of spectral data. Limited work, however, has been reported that compares NIR models for prediction of forage nutritive value when the spectra are obtained from devices with different spectral ranges and resolutions. The objectives of this study were to (a) develop and evaluate NIR spectroscopy models using a benchtop‐type (FOSS) and two handheld NIR devices (microPHAZIR and DLP NIRscan Nano EVM) to predict crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), amylase and sodium sulfite‐treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), and in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTD) of dried ground forage grass samples and (b) compare predictions among the three NIR devices. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] hay samples were scanned with the NIR devices and analyzed with wet chemistry for development of NIR prediction models. Among devices, the r2 of validation values for aNDF models ranged from .81 to .87; all other r2 values were >.86 and as high as .98 with standard error of prediction (SEP; g kg−1) ranging from 8.1 to 11.5 for CP, 19.1 to 23.8 for aNDF, 14.2 to 20.0 for ADF, and 26.8 to 49.9 for IVTD. The FOSS benchtop NIR prediction models consistently had the highest r2 and lowest SEP values; however, the predictive power for both handheld devices was similar to the benchtop‐type device.

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“…It indirectly affects the food crop production system in most parts of the country which is sustained on manure and other benefits of livestock farming. The policy destroys silvopasture-based livestock farming systems which are considered nature-based solutions and climate-smart farming even in developed countries [98,99]. The silvopasture system sequestrates carbon on-farm, reduces carbon emission associated with fertilizer application, and hedges pasture and livestock from extreme climatic variabilities.…”

Section: Weaknesses In Long Term Plansmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Policy and Development Agencies Led to the Degradation of Indigenous Resources, Institutions, and Social-Ecological Systems in Nepal: Some Insights and Opinions

Dhakal

Chand²,

Shrestha³

et al. 2022

Conservation

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Rapid growth of environmental problems, economic volatilities, and social changes have increased the scopes of adopting environmentally friendly and resilient production systems. Regenerative farming and forestry practices are such systems appropriate for mountain communities in Nepal. They had performed better with indigenous resources, institutions, and social-ecological systems. Unfortunately, the assets have been degraded to extinction, mainly commencing works of national and international development agencies. Consequently, regenerative practices are disappearing. Despite appeals and commitments, the degradations of the assets are not halted and reversed. This study used secondary sources of data and work experiences and explained the working faults of the external agencies involved in the agriculture, forest, and wildlife sectors. It elucidated that most regenerative practices had sustained well in forest and farm resource-integrated production systems and a modest degree of natural and human inputs and production environments. The production environments degraded when the government agencies provided foreign agencies opportunities to be involved actively in policy formulation and implementation of agriculture and forestry-related sectors. The foreign agencies meddled in the national policies and community practices and modified the production environments for their interests and benefits. They intervened in policies and local communities to practice a farming system based on extremely human-made and imported inputs and institutions and to manage forest-related resources in extremely intact natural systems. In the policy discourses and decisions, the farming inputs, practices, and institutions popularly practiced in developed countries are considered superior whereas the indigenous ones are considered inferior. Agricultural plans and policies have overvalued yield, profit, or other direct returns and undervalued environmental friendliness, indirect economic benefits, and social advantages to prioritize support of the government and other agencies. The introduced farming inputs and institutions displaced or hampered the indigenous ones. The foreign agencies also meddled in forest policies and practices of the country to address environmental and economic problems of developed countries which resulted in adverse impacts on the indigenous assets. They intervened in the resource management policies with financial and technical inputs to destroy some of the assets and make the forest-related resource management that results in better benefits (offsetting GHG emission, enhancing tranquility and serenity of recreational sites, and potentially expanding agricultural markets) to the people of developed countries. This study has explained how the officials and experts of both government and foreign agencies abused and misused some strategic tactics and overused, poorly used and disused, others in their work process to address their self-centered interests and problems. In essence, intentional destructive interventions of the policy and development agencies have resulted in degradation to the extinction of the indigenous assets in the communities.

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Tree species effects on understory forage productivity and microclimate in a silvopasture of the Southeastern USA

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

Evaluation of five bermudagrass cultivars fertigated with swine lagoon effluent

Evaluation of five bermudagrass cultivars fertigated with swine lagoon effluent

Comparison of benchtop and handheld near‐infrared spectroscopy devices to determine forage nutritive value

How Policy and Development Agencies Led to the Degradation of Indigenous Resources, Institutions, and Social-Ecological Systems in Nepal: Some Insights and Opinions

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