Trematodes of Land Birds from the Republic of Mordovia with a Checklist of Avian Trematodes of the Middle Volga Region (European Russia)

Abstract

We studied the trematode fauna in land birds from the Republic of Mordovia (European Russia) in 2018–2022. In total, we identified 16 digenean species in 45 species of birds from the orders Passeriformes, Piciformes, Caprimulgiformes and Falconiformes. The trematodes Phaneropsolus micrococcus and Morishitum polonicum were recorded for the first time in the birds’ parasite fauna of Russia. We obtained the first data on helminths in Hippolais icterina and Ficedula albicollis from Russia and in Coccothraustes coccothraustes from the Middle Volga region. New host records resulting from our study include Brachylaima mesostoma from Coccothraustes coccothraustes; Urogonimus macrostomus from Sylvia atricapilla, Ficedula albicollis, Ficedula hypoleuca and Acrocephalus palustris; Plagiorchis maculosus from Ficedula albicollis and Hippolais icterina; and Lyperosomum alaudae from Ficedula hypoleuca. The common parasite of rallid birds Leucochloridium holostomum is recorded for the first time from Turdus merula in Russia. Taking into account the newly obtained data, we carried out a review of trematodes in land birds of the Middle Volga region, of which the Republic of Mordovia is a part. Currently, the list of land bird digeneans in the Middle Volga region includes 56 species. Among all the studied land birds, members of the order Passeriformes have the richest trematode fauna (33 species). The diversity of trematodes found in passerines is due to the large number of both individuals and species studied and the variety of habitats and diet preferences of these land birds. Most of the identified trematode faunas (47 species) are obligate parasites of land birds. Nine species parasitize land birds accidentally and/or facultatively. In the Middle Volga area, the fauna of trematodes is the most diverse in land birds of the Nizhny Novgorod region, where 31 species are revealed. Fewer species of trematodes are identified in birds from the Bashkortostan (20), Mordovia (17) and Samara regions (15). For the birds of Chuvashia and Tatarstan, only eight and one species of trematodes are known, respectively. Six trematode species, found in land birds, have veterinary and medical significance as potential pathogens of dangerous helminthiases.

Diversity of trematodes from the amphibian anomaly P hotspot: Role of planorbid snails

“…corneus). This is probably due to the high infestation of the Beaver Ponds mollusks with Rubenstrema exasperatum, which is associated with the presence of a large number of definitive hosts-shrews from the family Soricidae [85] that often found in the Yuzhnaya…”

“…Life cycles of detected trematodes presents in Table 9. Life cycles of trematodes parasitized in planorbid snails can be divided into nine groups (Fig 4) according to classification suggested by Kirillov et al [85].…”

“…Cercariae of N. ephemera form adolescariae on shells of mollusks or underwater substrates. The final hosts of N. ephemera are various bird species in which it causes notocotylidosis [85][86][87][88]. Bilharziella polonica is a species of the family Shistosomatidae that infects waterfowls [89][90][91].…”

“…This variant of life cycles include species that used amphibians as the second intermediate hosts and reptiles as the definitive hosts: Paralepoderma cloacicola and Macrodera longicollis, trematodes from the family Leptophallidae [53,85,86]. Definitive hosts are grass snakes of the genus Natrix Laurenti, 1768 [85,95,96]. A single species of grass snakes, Natrix natrix (Linnaes, 1758), lives in this part of the reserve.…”

“…Two species of Strigea (S. robusta and S. strigis) were found in ponds examined. Strigea robusta often choose anatid birds as the final hosts, while S. strigis parasitized owls [85,102].…”