Tremor and longevity in relatives of patients with Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and control subjects

Jankovic, Joseph; Beach, Jordan R.; Schwartz, Kenneth S.; Contant, Caroline M. E.

doi:10.1212/wnl.45.4.645

Cited by 104 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Cases were consistently more likely than controls to have an affected family member: roughly three to four times more likely in birth cohort and sex adjusted analyses and six times more likely in birth cohort, sex, and other risk factoradjusted analyses (Table II). Many studies have found family history of PD [Alonso et al, 1986;Duvoisin et al, 1969;Lazzarini et al, 1994;Marder et al, 1996;Martilla and Rinne, 1976;Martin et al, 1973;Payami et al, 1994;Seidler et al, 1996;Semchuk et al, 1993;Vieregge and Heberlein, 1995;Wang et al, 1993] and family history of tremor [De Michele et al, 1996;Jankovic et al, 1995;Morano et al, 1994;Vieregge, 1994] to be major risk factors for PD and with odds ratios of *Second-and third-degree relatives (aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins) similar magnitude. We find a similar risk to parents and siblings for PD, which is consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with reduced penetrance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental, medical, and family history risk factors for Parkinson's disease: A New England‐based case control study

et al. 1999

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Controversy persists about the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Pesticides, herbicides, well-water consumption, head injury, and a family history of PD have been reported as risk factors for PD. The purpose of this study was to (1) investigate the impact of environmental factors on PD risk (2) estimate the chronology, frequency, and duration of those exposures associated with PD; and (3) investigate the effects of family history on PD risk. One-hundred and forty PD cases were recruited from Boston University Medical Center. The control group was composed of 147 friends and in-laws of PD patients. Environmental, medical, and family history data were obtained by structured interview from each participant for events recalled prior to PD onset for cases, or corresponding censoring age for controls (mean age = 56 years of age for each group). A traditional stratified analysis, adjusting for birth cohort and sex, was employed. Four factors were associated with increased risk for PD: (1) head injury (OR=6.23, confidence interval [CI]: 2.58-15.07); (2) family history of PD (OR=6.08, CI: 2.35-15. 58); (3) family history of tremor (OR=3.97, CI: 1.17-13.50); and (4) history of depression (OR=3.01, CI: 1.32-6.88). A mean latency of 36. 5 (SE=2.81) years passed between the age of first reported head injury and PD onset. A mean latency of 22 (SE=2.66) years passed between the onset of the first reported symptoms of depression and onset of PD. Years of education, smoking, and well-water intake were inversely associated with PD risk. PD was not associated with exposure to pesticides or herbicides. These findings support the role of both environmental and genetic factors in the etiology in PD. The results are consistent with a multifactorial model. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 88:742-749, 1999.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental, medical, and family history risk factors for Parkinson's disease: A New England‐based case control study

et al. 1999

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“…Although it has been suggested that some environmental factors could play a role in the risk for ET [3, 5,22,23,24,25,26,27,28], a reported family history is frequently associated with this disease [1,2,3]. To date, reports on the possible role of genetic polymorphisms in the risk for ET are scarce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Family history of tremor has been found to be significantly more frequent in ET patients when compared with controls in some studies [1,2,3]. The reported positivity of family history according to some clinical series is widely variable, ranging from 17.4 to 100% [4, 5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>CYP2C19</i> Polymorphism and Risk for Essential Tremor

Alonso‐Navarro

Martı́nez²,

García‐Martín³

et al. 2006

Eur Neurol

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Many patients with essential tremor (ET) develop acute adverse effects to primidone. We investigated the association between CYP2C19 polymorphism (possibly related to primidone metabolism) and the risk for developing essential ET and acute adverse effects to primidone. Leukocytary DNA from 200 ET patients and 300 healthy controls was studied for the genotype CYP2C19 and the occurrence of CYP2C19 allelic variants by using allele-specific PCR amplification and Sma I and BamH I RFLP analyses. The frequencies of the genotype CYP2C19*1/CYP2C19*2 and of the allelic variant CYP2C19*2 were significantly higher in ET patients than in controls. The mean age at onset of ET did not differ significantly between patients with genotypes CYP2C19*1/CYP2C19*2andCYP2C19*1/CYP2C19*1. The frequencies of the genotype CYP2C19*1/CYP2C19*2 and the allelic variant CYP2C19*2 were similar in ET patients who developed acute adverse effects to primidone, in those who tolerated primidone and in controls; the frequencies were also similar in patients with head, voice, tongue and chin tremor compared with controls. These results suggest that heterozygosis CYP2C19*1/CYP2C19*2 is associated with the risk for ET, but not with the age at onset of ET, the presentation of acute side effects of primidone, or the existence of head, voice, tongue or chin tremor.

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“…A family history of ET is likely to be the main risk for development of ET, since it is significantly more frequent in ET patients when compared with control groups [1, 2]. However, ET is not completely genetic, and many patients have sporadic ET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk Factors for Essential Tremor

Jiménez‐Jiménez¹,

M²,

Alonso‐Navarro³

et al. 2007

Eur Neurol

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We conducted a case-control study searching for a possible role of environment in the risk of essential tremor (ET). We interviewed 142 ET patients and 284 age- and sex-matched controls about a family history of ET, exposure to environmental products containing lead, mercury, manganese, solvents and β-carbolines, and exposure to agricultural work, well water, pesticides, and cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking habits. In a univariate study, reported family history of ET and exposure to agricultural work, pesticides, smelting, frosted glass, paintings, wheat, corn, and barley were more frequent in the ET patient group. With a multivariate study, only reported family history of ET and exposure to agricultural work and frosted glass remained significant. Time of exposure to agricultural work, wheat and barley was significantly higher in ET patients. Age at onset of ET was significantly lower in patients with a family history of tremor and higher in patients exposed to iron-manganese alloys and alcohol. Time of exposure, but not total consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, was correlated with age at onset of ET. In conclusion, our study shows that the association between ET and reported family history of ET was robust, and that there were also associations between ET and exposure to some environmental factors (agricultural work and frosted glass).

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Tremor and longevity in relatives of patients with Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and control subjects

Cited by 104 publications

References 9 publications

Environmental, medical, and family history risk factors for Parkinson's disease: A New England‐based case control study

Environmental, medical, and family history risk factors for Parkinson's disease: A New England‐based case control study

<i>CYP2C19</i> Polymorphism and Risk for Essential Tremor

Environmental Risk Factors for Essential Tremor

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