Trend analysis of bacterial uropathogens and their susceptibility pattern: A 4-year (2013–2016) study from Aseer region, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Purpose:To analyze the prevalence and resistance rates of bacterial agents causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Aseer, Saudi Arabia (2013–2016).Patients and Methods:This was a 4-year (2013–2016) retrospective study undertaken in Aseer Central Hospital, Saudi Arabia. A total of 49,779 urine and other UT specimens obtained from patients suspected of having a UTI were analyzed. Urine specimens were inoculated onto cystine lactose electrolyte deficient agar following standard procedures. Cultures showing significant bacteriuria were subjected to identification and sensitivity testing using VITEK 2 system. Data of patients and uropathogens were assembled, checked, and analyzed using SPSS software.Results:Culture positive samples were 49,779 (59.9% males, 40.1% females; P = 0.000). Year trend showed significant variations (P = 0.000) and the forecast trend line hypothesized a clear rise. Age groups 70–79 years were the most vulnerable group (22.3%). Gram-negative bacilli were 91.8% and the major species were Escherichia coli - 39.7%, Klebsiella pneumoniae - 15.8%; Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 13.8%, Proteus mirabilis - 10.6%, and Acinetobacter baumannii - 5%. Antimicrobials with high sensitivity rate were linezolid (99.1%), daptomycin (89.3%), vancomycin (86.7%), teicoplanin (85.5%), ertapenem (85.1%), fosfomycin (82.1%), and tigecycline (80.2%). High resistant rates to uropathogens were encountered with cephalothin (89.8%), nalidixic acid (86.7%), and ampicillin (81.9%).Conclusions:The majority of uropathogens were resistant to antibiotics commonly used in clinical practice. Linezolid, daptomycin, and vancomycin showed the lowest resistance to all uropathogens; this can be revised for empirical treatment of UTIs. Continuous surveillance of uropathogens and their susceptibility is important.

A Multi-Point Surveillance for Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles among Clinical Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacteria Recovered from Major Ha’il Hospitals, Saudi Arabia

“…However, in the case of linezolid, daptomycin, and vancomycin the resistances were the lowest. These findings are consistent with earlier reports and these drugs were recommended as revised empirical treatment for UTIs with continuous surveillance of uropathogens [71].…”

Antibiotic Resistance in the Uropathogenic Enterobacteria Isolated from Patients Attending General Reference Hospital (GRH) of Niamey, Niger

“…The age group most affected by these urinary tract infections was 46 -60 years with 23.33%. This result was consistent with those reported in other countries of the world [27]. The female sex was the most affected by enterobacterial urinary tract infections with 51.07% against 48.97% for the male sex.…”

Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern for Urine Isolates in Urinary Tract Infection

“…13 Another study by Alamri et al also support the results of current study by reporting that fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and pivmecillinam can be the first line management options for treating uncomplicated UTIs. 17 Hence, ceftolozane/tazobactam are the approved antibacterial for empirical treatment of UTI and pyelonephritis in adults. 17,18 Many relevant studies and trials have concluded that fosfomycin and Nitrofurantoin are still the magic bullets to treat any type of UTI.…”

“…17 Hence, ceftolozane/tazobactam are the approved antibacterial for empirical treatment of UTI and pyelonephritis in adults. 17,18 Many relevant studies and trials have concluded that fosfomycin and Nitrofurantoin are still the magic bullets to treat any type of UTI. 19,20 With Fosfomycin found to be the most reliable option for managing any type of UTI, whether complicated or non-complicated.…”