Trend and seasonal variation of precipitation chemistry data in the Netherlands

Buishand, T. A.; Kempen, G.T.; Frantzen, A. J.; Reijnders, H. F. R.; Eshof, A.J. Van Den

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(88)90039-x

Cited by 48 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The general spring-summer increase at inland sites would reflect ammonia volatilisation from manure and fertilisers which are spread in the fields previous to maximum crop growth, usually in spring (Boixadera et al 2000). Similar spring maximum NH 4 + concentration related to agricultural activities has been reported elsewhere (Buishand et al 1988;Walker et al 2000;Anderson and Downing 2006). The coastal site of Begur presented the lowest farming activity, and correspondingly, its NH 4 + concentrations were the lowest and showed no significant seasonality (Table 2).…”

Section: Is Includedsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Analysis of Decadal Time Series in Wet N Concentrations at Five Rural Sites in NE Spain

Àvila

Molowny‐Horas

Gimeno

et al. 2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Nitrogen emissions have grown in Spain during the last 15 years. As precipitation scavenges gases and aerosols from the atmosphere, an effect on rainwater concentrations can be expected. However, time-series studies on wet N concentrations in the Iberian Peninsula are very scarce. This paper aims to fill this gap by analysing weekly rainfall N concentrations at a set of rural sites in Catalonia (NE Spain) from 1995/1996 to 2007 and a forest site monitored from 1983 to 2007. The sites encompass a range of rural environments and climate conditions, from the inland pre-Pyrenees (Sort) to the Mediterranean coast (Begur) and from north (Sort and Begur) to central (Palautordera and La Castanya) and south Catalonia (La Senia). We found a 1-year cycle for concentrations of NH

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Section: Is Includedsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Another approach is to include the effects of rainfall amount along with the cyclic and trend effects in a multiple regression scheme (Buishand et al 1988), which is the method we have used here. In this model, the natural logarithm of the concentration time series, y i , can be described by:…”

Section: Multiple Regressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Decadal Time Series in Wet N Concentrations at Five Rural Sites in NE Spain

Àvila

Molowny‐Horas

Gimeno

et al. 2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This study attempts to ascertain whether BRBPNN are preferred to MLR models widely used in the past for temporal variation of acid precipitation (Buishand et al, 1988;Dana and Easter, 1987;MAP3S/RAINE, 1982). MLR employs the following regression model:…”

Section: Multiple Linear Regressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To facilitate the estimation of the coefficients a 0 , a, b, c and φ following Buishand et al (1988) and John et al (2000), the reparameterized MLR model was established and the final form of Equation (16) becomes:…”

Section: Multiple Linear Regressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Bayesian Regularized BP Neural Network Model for Trend Analysis, Acidity and Chemical Composition of Precipitation in North Carolina

Zeng

et al. 2006

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Bayesian regularized back-propagation neural network (BRBPNN) was developed for trend analysis, acidity and chemical composition of precipitation in North Carolina using precipitation chemistry data in NADP. This study included two BRBPNN application problems: (i) the relationship between precipitation acidity (pH) and other ions (NH + 4 , NO − 3 , SO 2− 4 , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , Cl − and Na + ) was performed by BRBPNN and the achieved optimal network structure was 8-15-1. Then the relative importance index, obtained through the sum of square weights between each input neuron and the hidden layer of BRBPNN(8-15-1), indicated that the ions' contribution to the acidity declined in the order of NH + 4 > SO 2− 4 > NO − 3 ; and (ii) investigations were also carried out using BRBPNN with respect to temporal variation of monthly mean NH + 4 , SO 2− 4 and NO 3 − concentrations and their optimal architectures for the 1990-2003 data were 4-6-1, 4-6-1 and 4-4-1, respectively. All the estimated results of the optimal BRBPNNs showed that the relationship between the acidity and other ions or that between NH + 4 , SO 2− 4 , NO − 3 concentrations with regard to precipitation amount and time variable was obviously nonlinear, since in contrast to multiple linear regression (MLR), BRBPNN was clearly better with less error in prediction and of higher correlation coefficients. Meanwhile, results also exhibited that BRBPNN was of automated regularization parameter selection capability and may ensure the excellent fitting and robustness. Thus, this study laid the foundation for the application of BRBPNN in the analysis of acid precipitation.

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“…These resolutions have indeed been effective for S, as there have been reductions in SO 2 emissions by more than one third extensively in Europe. Related to this, a declining trend in S deposition has been described in Europe [Buishand et al, 1988;Hovmand and Kemp, 1996;Irwin et al, 2002;Matzner and Meiwes, 1994]. On the other hand, reductions in NO x emissions have not been similarly successful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation chemistry at a rural Mediterranean site: Between anthropogenic pollution and natural emissions

Àvila

Alarcón

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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The chemistry of weekly rainwater collected at a rural site (La Castanya, Montseny Mountains, northeast Spain), exposed both to anthropogenic pollutants and natural African dust, was analyzed for the period 1983–2000. On the basis of back trajectories and synoptic charts we distinguished four source regions: (1) African, (2) European, (3) Oceanic, and (4) Local. The chemical characteristics of each provenance were interpreted in relation to the emission processes at each source region. The temporal trends between 1983 and 2000 in the volume weighted mean (VWM) concentrations showed an upward trend for alkalinity in European, Local, and Oceanic provenances, while they showed a slight (nonsignificant) downward trend for African rains. All provenances exhibited a significant decline in excSO4−2, which was most pronounced for European rains (b = −5.7 μeqL−1 yr−1). Because NO3− remained about constant (except for European rains), NO3− acquired a more important role in the acid anion contribution. A reduction of the acid deposition for European, Local, and Oceanic rains was observed, as well as an increase in the global deposition of alkalinity. The role of African rains appeared as a determinant in the accumulated alkalinity during the period. A quantification of the transport of pollutant species (SO4−2, NO3−, and NH4+) from eight contributing European subregions was obtained on the basis of the residence time of the trajectories in each subregion. It suggested that not only subregions closer to the receptor point, such as the Iberian Peninsula, France, and the United Kingdom, were important contributors to the deposition of SO4−2, NO3−, and NH4+ but also distant sites such as Scandinavia contributed considerably.

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Trend and seasonal variation of precipitation chemistry data in the Netherlands

Cited by 48 publications

References 17 publications

Analysis of Decadal Time Series in Wet N Concentrations at Five Rural Sites in NE Spain

Analysis of Decadal Time Series in Wet N Concentrations at Five Rural Sites in NE Spain

Application of Bayesian Regularized BP Neural Network Model for Trend Analysis, Acidity and Chemical Composition of Precipitation in North Carolina

Precipitation chemistry at a rural Mediterranean site: Between anthropogenic pollution and natural emissions

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