Trend in geographic distribution of physicians in Japan

Toyabe, Shin-ichi

doi:10.1186/1475-9276-8-5

Cited by 129 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The Gini coefficient is generally used to measure the geographical maldistribution of physicians [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and municipal population is usually used for weighting. The present study calculated the Gini coefficient using population, as well as the Gini coefficient using demand for medical services, measured by the age structure of each municipality.…”

Section: Gini Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9][10][11] Toyabe calculated the Gini coefficient, Atkinson index and Theil index across municipalities from 1996 to 2006 for university hospital physicians, other hospital physicians and clinic physicians, and found that for other hospital and university hospital physicians each index had increased after 2004, indicating that the new postgraduate program had exacerbated the geographical maldistribution of physicians. [12] Sakai et al measured pediatrician distribution across municipalities by a 0-14 population-weighted Gini coefficient, and reported that the Gini coefficient had increased in urban prefectures after 2004. [13] Tanihara et al calculated the Gini coefficient for physicians in the secondary tiers of medical care as defined by the Medical Service Law and related legislation (medical administration areas which cover ordinary medical services such as general operations and emergency medicine) from 1998 to 2008, and reported the Gini coefficient decreased until 2006 but increased after 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population aging and physician maldistribution: A longitudinal study in Japan

Matsumoto

Seto

Fujita

et al. 2015

JHA

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Background: Over the past two decades, population aging and the introduction of the new postgraduate medical education program in 2004 have impacted on the geographic maldistribution of physicians in Japan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate recent changes in physician distribution across municipalities from 1996 to 2012 using Gini coefficients and to clarify the impact of the new medical education program on physician distribution. Methods: We extracted the number of physicians classified by type of medical institution and municipal bodies. Gini coefficients were calculated using both population and demand for medical services. We calculated the contribution ratio (CR) of maldistribution within each type of medical institution to the whole maldistribution using Rao's method. In addition, we calculated the incremental difference in Gini coefficients between 2002 and 2010, and calculated the CR of the incremental Gini coefficient difference for each medical institution type using Seki's method. Results: Both Gini coefficients decreased from 1996 to 2002, and increased after 2006. The CR of other hospitals increased from 2004. The incremental difference in the Gini coefficient using demand between 2002 and 2010 was 0.012, and the CR of each type of medical institution was -25.1% (university hospitals), 131.0% (other hospitals) and -5.9% (clinics). Conclusions: Our analysis showed that the geographic maldistribution of physicians has worsened since the introduction of the new postgraduate medical education program, and the CR of maldistribution in other hospitals was high. Our study suggested that new medical resource distribution policies should be discussed to improve maldistribution.

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Section: Gini Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population aging and physician maldistribution: A longitudinal study in Japan

Matsumoto

Seto

Fujita

et al. 2015

JHA

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“…22 and South Africa 23 also face this problem in different ways. For example, studies show that while the number of physicians has increased in Japan but the inequality index has also increased every year 24 . In addition, nearly 50 percent of the health care providers in Nicaragua are concentrated in the capital, which has only one-sixth of the country's population 25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

İran'da eczacı iş gücünün dağılımındaki eşitlik

Ebrahimzadeh¹,

Hayati²,

Nobakht³

et al. 2017

Cukurova Medical Journal (Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi)

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“…The study findings revealed that the manpower distribution has been relatively equal in the provinces of Iran; the manpower resources have always been an essential element in the health system and played the most important role in providing health services (18); thus, the lack of manpower may create a great obstacle against the goals of organizational development in the third millennium; it has economic, social, and direct effects on the rate of access to health services and the quality of such services (19,20). Besides, it is necessary to have a special attention for proper distribution of specialist manpower in the hospitals and other health centers in developing countries to achieve the goals of permanent development (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality in Distribution of Health Care Resources in Iran: Human Resources, Health Centers and Hospital Beds

et al. 2018

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Background: One of the most important goals of health systems is equality in access to health services and one of the important dimensions of health equality in relation to resources distribution in this sector. Objectives: This study was done to examine the equality in resource distribution between provinces of Iran in 2014. Methods: In the present retrospective study, the population included the public health sector human resources, hospital beds, and health centers in Iran. The data were collected from the Iran statistics center and ministry of health and Medical education. The inequality was estimated by Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, Hoover index, and by using Excel and Stata 12 software. Results: The Gini coefficients were 0.13797, 0.19980, and 0.1499 for the manpower, health care centers, and hospital beds, respectively. Thus, they were significant. In addition, the Hoover index was 7, 8.60, and 6.70 for the three studied resources, respectively. Conclusions: The distribution of the health sector resources between Iran provinces was relatively equal. Therefore, health policy makers should be focused on the other aspects of accessibility such as distribution of resources according to health needs, resources distribution within provinces, and quality of provided services.

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Trend in geographic distribution of physicians in Japan

Cited by 129 publications

References 12 publications

Population aging and physician maldistribution: A longitudinal study in Japan

Population aging and physician maldistribution: A longitudinal study in Japan

İran'da eczacı iş gücünün dağılımındaki eşitlik

Inequality in Distribution of Health Care Resources in Iran: Human Resources, Health Centers and Hospital Beds

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