Trends and age, period and cohort effects for marijuana use prevalence in the 1984–2015 US National Alcohol Surveys

Kerr, William C.; Lui, Camillia K.; Ye, Yu

doi:10.1111/add.14031

Cited by 93 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…No additional covariates were included in the age-period-cohort models, since no potential confounders were identified using a directed acyclic graph (Bandoli, Palmsten, Flores, & Chambers; Williamson et al). This approach is consistent with previous age-period-cohort analysis of substance use (Giordano et al, 2014; W. C. L. Kerr, C.; Ye, Y., 2017; Miech & Koester, 2012; Piontek, Kraus, & Pabst, 2011).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

Past-month cannabis use among U.S. individuals from 2002–2015: An age-period-cohort analysis

Chawla

Yang

Desrosiers

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug among U.S. adolescents and adults, but little is known about factors that drive trends in cannabis use prevalence. To better understand drivers of these trends, we aimed to estimate age, period, and cohort effects on past-month cannabis use among U.S. individuals age 12 and older from 2002 to 2015. Methods We conducted an age-period-cohort analysis on past-month cannabis use among participants ages 12 and older using National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an annual cross-sectional nationally-representative survey of drug use. Additionally, we examined how age, period, and cohort effects differed across gender. Participants (n=779,799) self-reported cannabis patterns using a computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI). Results Past-month cannabis use in this population increased from 6.0% in 2002 to 8.1% in 2015. Distinct age, period, and cohort effects were observed. Compared to participants ages 12–13, participants ages 18–21 (PR: 16.8, 95% CI: 15.6, 18.1) and 22–25 (PR: 13.2, 95% CI: 12.2, 14.4) had dramatically higher prevalence of past-month cannabis use. Compared to participants in 2002, participants in 2014 (PR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.4) and 2014 (PR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.4) had slightly higher prevalence of past-month cannabis use. Compared to the 1940s birth cohort, the 1950s birth cohort (PR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.5, 2.2) had higher prevalence of past-month cannabis use. Conclusions Past-month cannabis use is prevalent and increasing among U.S. adults. Distinct age, period, and cohort effects are at play, though age effects are strongest.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

Past-month cannabis use among U.S. individuals from 2002–2015: An age-period-cohort analysis

Chawla

Yang

Desrosiers

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Given that black and other minority youth are increasing overall cannabis use prevalence , outpacing other racial/ethnic groups, these results in totality suggest that attention to increasing use among minority youth is increasingly critical to the health of minority adolescents. Secondly, period effects are underlying increases in cannabis use across a variety of previously published analyses throughout recent historical time‐periods focused primarily on adults . Similar to other APC analyses, we find that cohort effects are additional predictors of cannabis use prevalence throughout time independent of period effects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Age, period and cohort effects in frequent cannabis use among US students: 1991–2018

et al. 2019

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Background and Aims As the legal status of cannabis changes across the United States and modes of administration expand, it is important to examine the potential impact on adolescent cannabis use. This study aimed to assess changes in prevalence of frequent cannabis use in adolescents in the United States and how far this varies by age and cohort. Design Analysis of Monitoring the Future, a nationally representative annual survey of 8th‐, 10th‐ and 12th‐grade students in the United States conducted from 1991 to 2018. Setting In‐school surveys completed by US adolescents. Participants A total of 1 236 159 8th‐, 10th‐ and 12th‐graders; 51.5% female, 59.6% non‐Hispanic white, 12.3% non‐Hispanic black, 13.4% Hispanic and 14.7% other race/ethnicity. Measurements Frequent cannabis use (FCU), defined as six or more occasions in the past 30 days, stratified by sex, race/ethnicity and parental education. Findings FCU among US adolescents increased over the study period; the peak in 2010–18 was 11.4% among 18‐year‐old students. This increase was best explained by both period and cohort effects. Compared with respondents in 2005, adolescents surveyed in 2018 had period effects in FCU that were 1.6 times greater. Adolescents in younger birth cohorts (those born > 1988) had a lower increase in FCU than those born prior to 1988. Results were consistent across sex, parent education and race/ethnicity, with period effects indicating increasing FCU after 2005 and cohort effects indicating a lower magnitude of increase in more recent birth cohorts. Age and parental education disparities in FCU have increased over time, whereas race/ethnicity differences have converged over time; black students were 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64–0.70] times as likely to use cannabis frequently as white students from 1991 to 2000, and 1.03 (95% CI = 0.98–1.09) times as likely from 2011 to 2018 (P‐value for time interaction < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of frequent cannabis use (FCU) increased from 1991 to 2018 among older adolescents in the United States. Racial/ethnic differences in FCU converged, whereas parental education differences have diverged.

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“…Some evidence of increases in frequency of use from a sample of Oregon users in grade 8–9 . Mixed evidence of legalisation effect among college students—increased use detected in a Washington college sample , but only among binge drinkers in an Oregon college sample .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Continues) [33]. Mixed evidence of legalisation effect among college students-increased use detected in a Washington college sample [36], but only among binge drinkers in an Oregon college sample [37]. Medical cannabis legalisation: Strong evidence of no post-legalisation increases in past 30-day adolescent use [38].…”

Section: Incidence and Average Age Of Cannabis Use Initiation Among Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for public health and safety metrics to evaluate the potential harms and benefits of cannabis regulation in Canada

Lake

Werb

Haines‐Saah

et al. 2019

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Issues Canada recently introduced a public health‐based regulatory framework for non‐medical cannabis. This review sought to identify a comprehensive set of indicators to evaluate the public health and safety impact of cannabis regulation in Canada, and to explore the ways in which these indicators may be expected to change in the era of legal non‐medical cannabis. Approach Five scientific databases were searched to compile a list of cannabis‐related issues of interest to public health and safety. A set of indicators was developed based on topics and themes that emerged. Preliminary evidence from other jurisdictions in the USA and Canada that have legalised medical and/or non‐medical cannabis (e.g. Colorado, Washington) was summarised for each indicator, wherever possible. Key Findings In total, 28 indicators were identified under five broad themes: public safety; cannabis use trends; other substance use trends; cardiovascular and respiratory health; and mental health and cognition. Preliminary trends from other legalised jurisdictions reveal little consensus regarding the effect of cannabis legalisation on public health and safety harms and an emerging body of evidence to support potential benefits (e.g. reductions in opioid use and overdose). Implications In addition to indicators of commonly discussed challenges (e.g. cannabis‐related hospitalisations, cannabis‐impaired driving), this review led to the recommendation of several indicators to monitor for possible public health and safety improvements. Conclusion In preparing a comprehensive public health and safety monitoring and evaluation system for cannabis regulation, this review underscores the importance of not only measuring the possible risks but also the potential benefits.

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Trends and age, period and cohort effects for marijuana use prevalence in the 1984–2015 US National Alcohol Surveys

Abstract: The steep rise in marijuana use in the United States since 2005 occurred across the population and is attributable to general period effects not linked specifically to the liberalization of marijuana policies in some states.

Cited by 93 publications

References 31 publications

Past-month cannabis use among U.S. individuals from 2002–2015: An age-period-cohort analysis

Past-month cannabis use among U.S. individuals from 2002–2015: An age-period-cohort analysis

Age, period and cohort effects in frequent cannabis use among US students: 1991–2018

Guidelines for public health and safety metrics to evaluate the potential harms and benefits of cannabis regulation in Canada

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