Trends and anomalies in sea-surface temperature, observed over the last 60 years, within the southeastern Bay of Biscay

Goikoetxea, Nerea; Borja, Ángel; Fontán, Almudena; González, Manuel; ­Valencia, Victoriano

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2008.11.014

Cited by 62 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Similar results were observed in nearby areas, such as the Bay of Biscay (Garcia-Soto et al 2002, deCastro et al 2009, Goikoetxea et al 2009, Michel et al 2009). The existence of the observed warming-cooling cycles has been attributed by some authors (Swanson & Tsonis 2009) to climate shifts that occurred during the last century.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Traces of these upwelling events can also be observed in the spring and autumn SST fields, although to a lesser extent. On the other hand, a mass of warm water occurred in the Cantabrian Sea as previously described (Pingree & Le Cann 1989, Koutsikopoulos & Le Cann 1996, deCastro et al 2009, Goikoetxea et al 2009). Autumn (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Those authors also pointed out the existence of different warming-cooling cycles during the last century. Trends and anomalies in SST over the last 60 yr were also analyzed by Goikoetxea et al (2009) in the southeastern region of the Bay of Biscay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The state of climate in NW Iberia

Gómez‐Gesteira¹,

Gimeno²,

deCastro³

et al. 2011

Clim. Res.

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Since 1974, there has been a significant increasing trend in land and sea surface temperatures of 0.5 and 0.24°C decade -1 , respectively, in the NW Iberian Peninsula. Over the same period, annual precipitation does not show any trend, although some tendencies have been detected at seasonal scales. A significant positive trend, on average of 2 cm decade -1 , was also observed in sea level rise from 1943 onwards. Ekman transport perpendicular to the coast (upwelling index) showed a decrease from 1975 to 2008 at both annual and seasonal scales. In addition, the flow of the Miño River (the main river in the area) has also decreased at a mean rate of 18 m 3 s -1 decade -1 since 1970. At a synoptic scale, winter cyclone frequency and winter and spring blocking activity have decreased since the 1950s, which may partially explain the winter precipitation decline and the winter and spring temperature increases. These changes in synoptic systems are also in agreement with reported trends in the dominant variability modes of atmospheric circulation affecting NW Iberia, particularly a pronounced positive trend in the North Atlantic Oscillation from the 1970s to the 1990s.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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The state of climate in NW Iberia

Gómez‐Gesteira¹,

Gimeno²,

deCastro³

et al. 2011

Clim. Res.

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“…Moreover, the period 2003-2005 was characterised by the prevalence of warm spring and summer seasons, with cold autumn and winter periods. Exceptional events such as those during the last decade , Somavilla et al 2009) are explained not only by air temperature fluctuations, but also by other meteorological and physical parameters such as irradiance, turbulence and upwelling events (Borja et al 2000, Goikoetxea et al 2009). …”

Section: Hydroclimatic Variability and Anomaly Patterns: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up-and downwelling and turbulence annual mean time series for the southeast area of the Bay of Biscay (data updated from Valencia et al 2004) significantly influences the variability in SST and, to a lesser degree, the thermal bulk of the water column , Goikoetxea et al 2009). Within the last decade, frequent seasonal anomaly patterns of oceano-meteorological variables have been observed in the southeastern Bay of Biscay , Goikoetxea et al 2009). These authors concluded that the duality of cold winters and long warm summers prevails in comparison with the seasonal cycle of the temperate Atlantic areas.…”

Section: Hydroclimatic Variability and Anomaly Patterns: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change impacts on coastal and pelagic environments in the southeastern Bay of Biscay

Chust¹,

Borja²,

Caballero³

et al. 2011

Clim. Res.

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The impacts of global climate change on the Basque coast and the pelagic systems within the southeastern Bay of Biscay are reviewed. Climate projections under greenhouse gas emission scenarios indicate that this area will experience changes in climate throughout the 21st century, including warming of surface air (especially heat wave episodes), intensification of extreme daily rainfall (10%), warming of the upper 100 m of the ocean layer (1.5 to 2.05°C), and sea level rise (SLR; 29 to 49 cm). Observations made in the bay throughout the 20th century for air temperature and mean sea level are in agreement with these projections. Trends in ocean-climatic historical observations within the area, including sea temperature, precipitation, upwelling/downwelling, turbulence and wave climate, are also reviewed. The main impacts on the coast are expected to be from SLR, especially in low-lying areas (mostly urbanised) within estuaries. Sandy beaches are also expected to undergo significant mean shoreline retreats of between 25 and 40% of their width. As the sea level rises, the natural migration of saltmarshes and intertidal seagrasses landward will be constrained, in most cases, by existing anthropogenic fixed boundaries. Empirical relationships between the distribution and dynamics of the long-term biological measures (plankton, primary production, benthos, and fisheries) on the one hand, and ocean-climatic variability on the other, indicate that pelagic and coastal water ecosystems will be affected by ocean warming, increased stratification, shifts in anomaly patterns and streamflow regimes. The largest uncertainties are associated with the lack of downscaled projections within the bay on ocean circulation, ocean-meteorological indices, wave climate and ocean acidification.

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Modulation of sea surface temperature warming in the Bay of Biscay by Loire and Gironde Rivers

et al. 2016

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The influence of Loire and Gironde River discharges over the sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern Bay of Biscay (0.6º–36.6ºW, 44.2º–47.8ºW) was analyzed by means of two complementary databases (MODIS and OISST1/4). The area influenced by river plume showed a different SST when compared with the adjacent oceanic area for the months when the plume attains its highest extension (December, January, and February). Ocean was observed to warm at a rate of approximately 0.3ºC dec−1 while temperature at the area influenced by the rivers cooled at a rate of −0.15ºC dec−1 over the period 1982–2014. The mere presence of a freshwater layer is able to modulate the warming observed at adjacent ocean locations since the coastal area is isolated from the rest of the Bay. This nearshore strip is the only part of the Bay where changes in SST depend on North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) but not on North Atlantic SST represented by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). These different cooling‐warming trends are even more patent over the last years (2002–2014) under atmospheric favorable conditions for plume enhancement. River runoff increased at a rate on the order of 120 m3s−1dec−1 over that period and southwesterly winds, which favor the confinement of the plume, showed a positive and significant trend both in duration and intensity. Thus, the coastal strip has been observed to cool at a rate of −0.5°C dec−1.

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Trends and anomalies in sea-surface temperature, observed over the last 60 years, within the southeastern Bay of Biscay

Cited by 62 publications

References 33 publications

The state of climate in NW Iberia

The state of climate in NW Iberia

Climate change impacts on coastal and pelagic environments in the southeastern Bay of Biscay

Modulation of sea surface temperature warming in the Bay of Biscay by Loire and Gironde Rivers

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