Trends and applications in city branding: A case study in Izmir

Abstract

This study aimed at analyzing the trends and unique different applications of city branding, which is a very popular and updated topic in the field of city management nowadays. This research covered a literature review on the global trends in city branding, new application types, and a few examples of successful city branding experiences. The study concluded with a real life case study in the form of SWOT analysis on Izmir's city branding applications, efforts, and strategies.

Factors Determining City Brand Equity—A Systematic Literature Review

“…This SLR includes 36 studies published in 2009-2020 in the following schedule: in 2020-1 study [75], in 2019-five studies [76][77][78][79][80], in 2018-seven studies [81][82][83][84][85][86][87], in 2017-five studies [88][89][90][91][92], in 2016-three studies [93][94][95], in 2015-two studies [96,97], in 2014-seven studies [98][99][100][101][102][103][104], in 2014-four studies [104][105][106][107], in 2012-one study [108], and in 2009-one study [109].…”

“…The research sample had between 150 [79] and 2318 respondents [85]. In the remaining studies, case study [91,98,103,105,107], laboratory experiment [101] and analysis of social media posts [100] were applied.…”

“…CBE was analyzed for single cities in 27 studies [75][76][77][78][79][80]82,83,86,87,[89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][98][99][100][101][102][104][105][106][107], two or three cities-in three studies [108][109][110], and for more cities-in five studies [81,84,85,88,97]. Cities located in Europe [81,83,86,95,[97][98][99][100][101]104,105,107,109], Asia [76][77]…”

“…In this study, the SLR was conducted for 36 studies related to CBE or DBE, focusing exclusively on cities. In the studies included in the SLR, single cities were analyzed in 27 studies [75][76][77][78][79][80]82,83,86,87,[89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][98][99][100][101][102][104][105][106][107], and two or three cities were compared in three studies [108][109][110]. In the remaining studies, CBE was analyzed for a larger number of cities [81,84,85,88,97].…”

“…In most of the studies included in the SLR, a questionnaire survey was used as a research method (29 studies). Case studies [91,98,103,105,107], a laboratory experiment [101] and social media post analysis [100] were also applied.…”