Trends and risk factors of hyperglycemia and diabetes among Kuwaiti adults: National Nutrition Surveillance Data from 2002 to 2009

Abstract

BackgroundCurrent prevalence estimates for diabetes in Arabian Gulf countries are some of the world’s highest, yet regional trends and contributing factors are poorly documented. The present study was designed to determine temporal changes in the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes and associated factors in Kuwaiti adults.MethodsData analysis from the nationally representative cross-sectional Kuwait National Nutrition Surveillance System. 2745 males and 3611 females, aged 20–69 years, attending registration for employment or pensions and Hajj Pilgrimage health check-ups or accompanying children for immunizations from 2002 through 2009 were participated. Socio-demographic and lifestyle information, height and weight, and blood samples were collected.ResultsDuring the 8 years (2002–09), prevalences of IFG in males and females decreased by 7.4% and 6.8% and of diabetes by 9.8% and 8.9% in males and females, respectively. Linear regression for blood glucose level with time, adjusted for age, BMI, blood cholesterol and education level, showed a greater decrease in males than females (1.12 vs 0.93 mmol/L); males also showed an increase in 2002–2003 followed by a marked decrease in 2006–2007 while females showed a significant decrease in 2008–2009. Both males and females showed the largest decrease in the 2nd half of the study accounting for the majority of the overall decrease (1.13 mmol/L for males and 0.87 mmol/l for females for the 4 years). Compared with 2002–03, the OR for IFG in males decreased with time, and becoming significantly lower (OR=0.32; 95% CI: 0.21-0.49) for 2008–09. In females, the OR for IFG decreased significantly with time, except in 2006–07. Similarly, the OR for diabetes in males decreased to 0.34 (95% CI: 0.24-0.49) and in females to 0.33 (95% CI: 0.22-0.50) in 2008–09. For both genders, age and BMI were independently positively associated with IFG and diabetes, while education levels and smoking were negatively associated with IFG and diabetes. No significant association was found for either hypercholesterolemia or exercise in either gender.ConclusionContinued monitoring of blood glucose is needed to see if negative trends observed in 2008–2009 endure and further research of contributing factors is required for development of targeted intervention strategies.

Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors among adult Population in Bisha Province, Southwest of Saudi Arabia

“…According to our findings, increasing age was an important risk factor associated with DM in Bisha province, which is in agreement with other reports from other parts of Saudi Arabia (Al Hayek et al, 2014;Amin et al, 2014;Murad et al, 2014) and neighboring countries (Ahmed et al, 2013;Ali, Mehrass, Al-Adhroey, Al-Shammakh & Amran, 2016). Ammarasinghe et al (2015) proposed that geriatric changes in the body systems might invariably contribute to this association.…”

“…Likewise, Al-Nozha et al (2004) found that males were overall having higher prevalence of DM than females in Riyadh capital, Saudi Arabia. Similar findings have been reported in the neighboring countries, such as in Sultanate Oman (El-Shafie & Rizvi, 2010) and in Kuwait (Ahmed, Waslien, Al-Sumaie, Prakash & Allafi, 2013). In addition, the association between diabetes and gender has been the focus of several studies with varying reports.…”

Prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome in obese Kuwaiti adolescents

“…However, in Kuwait, the official criterion used for diagnosing and classifying diabetes mellitus is the WHO criterion,23 and so that was used in the present study.…”

Benchmarking the health of health sciences students at Kuwait University: a towards a cultue of health

“…Second, students emerging from these health professional programmes need to support the overall health of their patients and their communities; one way is to serve as credible role models for health promotion (12,13). This is especially true in the current health climate where NCDs that are largely lifestyle related are the leading causes of premature death and disability in the Middle East including Kuwait (4,(14)(15)(16).…”