Trends in Abuse of OxyContin® and Other Opioid Analgesics in the United States: 2002-2004

Cicero, Theodore J.; Inciardi, James A.; Muñoz, Álvaro

doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2005.05.004

Cited by 409 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Nonmedical use of these pharmaceutical drugs has increased markedly over the last decade. 14,20,33,82 The significance of the problem has been demonstrated by results from national epidemiological surveys 44,74,76,77 and studies that have addressed demographics, risk factors, and estimated costs associated with the nonmedical use of prescription opioids. 8,21,30,65,69,78 Also available in the extant literature are commentaries, review articles, and conceptual papers on nonmedical use of prescription opioids.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioids: Motive and Ubiquity Issues

Zacny

Lichtor

2008

The Journal of Pain

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Two issues relating to prescription opioid nonmedical use that to our knowledge have not been comprehensively addressed in the peer-reviewed literature are discussed: Motives for nonmedical use and the extent of nonmedical use of prescription opioids in other countries. The United States' national annual survey on illicit drug use in the general population (National Survey on Drug Use and Health) asks respondents whether they have used prescription opioids for nonmedical purposes but does not assess motives for such use. By not assessing motives, nonmedical users who use only for pain relief and nonmedical users who have other motives for use are grouped together, but 2 recent epidemiological studies suggest that these 2 groups may differ in a propensity to have substance use-related problems. We suggest that the survey add a question that assesses motives for nonmedical use. Regarding whether countries besides the United States have problems associated with nonmedical use of prescription opioids, after searching for epidemiological surveys and other materials potentially relevant to this issue, we were unable to determine the extent of nonmedical use of prescription opioids in other countries or draw cross-national comparisons. We suggest that more countries include specific questions about nonmedical use of prescription opioids in their national epidemiological surveys.Perspective-We believe that critical information surrounding the nonmedical use of prescription opioids is not being gathered. Such information would allow for a better understanding of the problem. We invite discussion and commentaries regarding the issues we raise to more effectively address this public health issue. KeywordsPrescription; opioid; nonmedical use; abuse; epidemiology; pain; international This article will address 2 issues related to nonmedical use of prescription opioids. There are 3 drug use psurveys in the United States that assess non-medical use of these drugs, with differing definitions. 34,44,76 For reasons that will be described below, we will use the definition from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 76 which is, using a prescription pain reliever "even once, that was not prescribed for you, or that you took only for the experience or feeling it caused." We will use the term "nonmedical use" throughout the article; there are several other terms used in describing problematic use of prescription opioids, including the terms "extramedical use," "misuse," and "abuse." These terms mean different things to different people, and using them interchangeably is inappropriate and confusing.Address reprint requests to Dr. James P. Zacny, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, MC4028, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. E-mail: jzacny@dacc.uchicago.edu. Points of view and opinions expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the official position of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. 18,35,45,46,64 Articles such as these will give the reader a snapshot of wh...

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confidence: 99%

Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioids: Motive and Ubiquity Issues

Zacny

Lichtor

2008

The Journal of Pain

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“…First marketed in the US in 1996, it was the most abused prescription opioid in the country within a decade [5]. In Florida-the epicenter of the problem-prescription drug overdoses increased by 84 percent from 2003 to 2009.…”

Section: Oxycontin and The Role Of The Fda In Mitigating The Abuse Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

OxyContin, the FDA, and Drug Control

Reisfield

2014

Virtual Mentor

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“…When the original oxycodone extended-release preparation was released in 1995, the FDA and Purdue both felt that due to the extended-release delivery system, there was less abuse liability than with the immediate-release preparation of oxycodone [6]. Not long after its approval and release, however, reports of abuse were noted which increased considerably over the next few years [6,21]. Users discovered that if they chewed, ground, or otherwise manipulated the pill, they would defeat the delivery system presumably releasing more drug rapidly [22].…”

Section: Solidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significant use of opioids for pain has led to the increased availability of these medications in the population [5]. An unintentional effect of this was the increase of the abuse and misuse of these drugs which has become a recognized public health concern [6,7]. In 2009, there were seven million people in the USA aged greater than 12 who used prescription-type psychotherapeutic drugs within the last month.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abuse-Deterrent Formulations, an Evolving Technology Against the Abuse and Misuse of Opioid Analgesics

Schaeffer

2012

J. Med. Toxicol.

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The increased use of opioid pain medication has been mirrored by the increased misuse and abuse of these drugs. As part of a multidisciplinary approach to this epidemic, pharmaceutical companies, with the encouragement of the Food and Drug Administration, have increased the development of abuse-deterrent formulations. While all have the goal of treating pain while mitigating misuse and abuse, there are different technologies utilized to impart the abuse-deterrent properties. The goal of this paper is to review the basis of abuse-deterrent formulations, the different types and approaches of some of the abuse-deterrent products, and their current regulatory status in the USA.

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Trends in Abuse of OxyContin® and Other Opioid Analgesics in the United States: 2002-2004

Cited by 409 publications

References 25 publications

Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioids: Motive and Ubiquity Issues

Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioids: Motive and Ubiquity Issues

OxyContin, the FDA, and Drug Control

Abuse-Deterrent Formulations, an Evolving Technology Against the Abuse and Misuse of Opioid Analgesics

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