Trends in age- and sex-specific lung cancer mortality in Europe and Northern America: Analysis of vital registration data from the WHO Mortality Database between 2000 and 2017

Baum, Philip; Winter, Hauke; Eichhorn, Martin; Roesch, Romina M; Taber, Samantha; Christopoulos, Petros; Wiegering, Armin; Lenzi, Jacopo

doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2022.05.011

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Significant innovation has led to new therapies for advanced NSCLC in recent decades, and it is thought that over half of patients with advanced NSCLC may have an actionable mutation towards which systemic therapy can be directed. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapies were introduced in 2003; immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for treatment of lung cancer since 2015 ( 89 ). Currently, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends testing for the several biomarkers in advanced or metastatic disease, including EGFR , KRAS , HER2 , ALK , ROS1 , and PD-L1 expression ( 90 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung cancer in females—sex-based differences from males in epidemiology, biology, and outcomes: a narrative review

Gee,

Yendamuri

2024

Transl Lung Cancer Res

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Background and Objective The role of biological sex is seldom considered in characterizing lung cancer, the deadliest cancer in both the United States and the world. Lung cancer has traditionally been regarded as a male disease; as such, research in female-specific phenomena is frequently conflicting or absent. Currently, disparities in lung cancer incidence are primarily driven by females, especially non-smokers and those of younger age. This narrative review provides insight into sex-specific characteristics of lung cancer, highlighting risk factors, diagnosis patterns, carcinogenesis, and treatment outcomes in females. Methods The PubMed database was searched on July 26, 2023 to identify research published between 2013 and 2023 in English. Sixty-three articles were considered relevant, and their full texts and citations were studied to compile information for this narrative review. Key Content and Findings Exposure-related risk factors, including personal tobacco use, are thought to impact female lung cancer risk more profoundly. However, studies on occupational exposures are underpowered to conclude risk in females. Data characterizing the effect of endogenous and exogenous hormonal exposures on female lung cancer risk remain two-sided. Screening guidelines are tailored to white males, exacerbating sex and race disparities. The effect of biological sex on carcinogenesis and the immune system response to cancer is not fully understood, though the female immune system clearly reacts more aggressively to lung cancer. In early-stage disease, females have greater survival in the perioperative setting and during follow-up of several years, attributed to favorable histopathology and healthier baseline status. Sex-specific response to systemic treatment continues to be optimized as lack of standardization in randomized trials makes interpreting results difficult when aggregated. Conclusions Biological sex plays a critical role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), though further study is needed to depict the complex web of factors that affect lung cancer risk, development, and outcomes. Female underrepresentation in studies has contributed to this lack of understanding. As these disparities are eliminated, we can move towards more effective treatment for both sexes in this pervasive yet deadly disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung cancer in females—sex-based differences from males in epidemiology, biology, and outcomes: a narrative review

Gee,

Yendamuri

2024

Transl Lung Cancer Res

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“…After 20 years or more of follow-up, over 19% of patients are likely to develop SPC [ 33 ]. Regarding PLC, early-stage patients have a 1.7-fold higher risk of developing SPC than the general population, and approximately 13.4–22% of patients will develop SPC [ 34 , 35 ]. As the incidence of SPC following early LC surgery is progressively increasing, researchers have shown significant interest in studying the morbidity, treatment, and prognosis of SPCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis of the genetic association between primary lung cancer and colorectal cancer

Xiao,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

J Transl Med

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Background With the development and popularization of low-dose chest CT technology, the diagnosis and survival rates of patients with early lung cancer (LC) have significantly improved. The occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) as the second primary cancer (SPC) in primary lung cancer (PLC) survivors has become an essential factor affecting the prognosis of early LC. This study explored the potential association between PLC and CRC genetically, laying a foundation for developing SPC-CRC prevention strategies after primary early LC. Methods Based on a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) design, this study systematically screened genetic instrumental variables (IVs) based on the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of PLC and CRC, applied inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the main method to assess the incidence association between the two cancers, and used a variety of other MR methods for supplementary analysis. Finally, the Genetic Risk Scores (GRS) method was used for secondary analysis to verify the results robustness further. Results From LC to CRC forward MR analysis, 20 genetic IVs of overall LC, 15 genetic IVs of squamous cell lung carcinoma (LUSC), and 10 genetic IVs of adenocarcinoma of the lung (LUAD) were screened. In the reverse MR analysis from CRC to LC, 47 genetic IVs for overall CRC, 37 for colon cancer, and 25 for rectal cancer were screened. The IVW method and a variety of MR methods all found that overall LC and CRC were significantly associated at the genetic level. Subgroup analysis also showed that LUSC was associated with CRC. And the results of the GRS method were consistent with those of the main analysis, confirming the robustness of the study. Summary Our MR study found an association between LC and CRC, with an increased risk of SPC-CRC following PLC, especially LUSC. Our study provides an essential basis for the precise prevention of SPC-CRC after PLC, suggesting that we should pay more attention to the population with a history of PLC in clinical work, and pay close attention to the incidence of SPC-CRC, and carry out intervention and treatment as soon as possible.

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“…The trends for incidence of lung cancer vary between males and females, with the incidence decreased in males, and increased in females in multiple European countries ( 97 ). Though the mortality rate has been shown to decrease constantly from 2000 to 2017 in Northern America and Europe based on WHO Mortality Database, a significant increase of mortality has been reported by multiple countries ( 98 ). Therefore, diagnosis and interventions at the earliest stage are still warranted to facilitate optimal outcomes., Lung cancer, especially at its early stage, can present as GGNs on CT images.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Research Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding predictive and diagnostic values of pulmonary ground-glass nodules on lung cancer via novel non-invasive tests

Ding

Zhao

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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Pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) are highly associated with lung cancer. Extensive studies using thin-section high-resolution CT images have been conducted to analyze characteristics of different types of GGNs in order to evaluate and determine the predictive and diagnostic values of GGNs on lung cancer. Accurate prediction of their malignancy and invasiveness is critical for developing individualized therapies and follow-up strategies for a better clinical outcome. Through reviewing the recent 5-year research on the association between pulmonary GGNs and lung cancer, we focused on the radiologic and pathological characteristics of different types of GGNs, pointed out the risk factors associated with malignancy, discussed recent genetic analysis and biomarker studies (including autoantibodies, cell-free miRNAs, cell-free DNA, and DNA methylation) for developing novel diagnostic tools. Based on current progress in this research area, we summarized a process from screening, diagnosis to follow-up of GGNs.

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Trends in age- and sex-specific lung cancer mortality in Europe and Northern America: Analysis of vital registration data from the WHO Mortality Database between 2000 and 2017

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Lung cancer in females—sex-based differences from males in epidemiology, biology, and outcomes: a narrative review

Lung cancer in females—sex-based differences from males in epidemiology, biology, and outcomes: a narrative review

Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis of the genetic association between primary lung cancer and colorectal cancer

Adding predictive and diagnostic values of pulmonary ground-glass nodules on lung cancer via novel non-invasive tests

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