Trends in Anti-Tumor Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mannose-Sensitive-Hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA): An Overview of Positive and Negative Effects

Abstract

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, for which finding the optimal therapy remains an ongoing challenge. Drug resistance, toxic side effects, and a lack of specificity pose significant difficulties in traditional cancer treatments, leading to suboptimal clinical outcomes and high mortality rates among cancer patients. The need for alternative therapies is crucial, especially for those resistant to conventional methods like chemotherapy and radiotherapy or for patients where surgery is not possible. Over the past decade, a novel approach known as bacteria-mediated cancer therapy has emerged, offering potential solutions to the limitations of conventional treatments. An increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the subtype of highly virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium called Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive-hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) can successfully inhibit the progression of various cancer types, such as breast, lung, and bladder cancer, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma. PA-MSHA inhibits the growth and proliferation of tumor cells and induces their apoptosis. Proposed mechanisms of action include cell-cycle arrest and activation of pro-apoptotic pathways regulated by caspase-9 and caspase-3. Moreover, clinical studies have shown that PA-MSHA improved the effectiveness of chemotherapy and promoted the activation of the immune response in cancer patients without causing severe side effects. Reported adverse reactions were fever, skin irritation, and pain, attributed to the overactivation of the immune response. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge obtained from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies available at PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov regarding the use of PA-MSHA in cancer treatment in order to further elucidate its pharmacological and toxicological properties.

PA-MSHA improves prognosis of patients undergoing radical cystectomy: a retrospective cohort study using inverse probability of treatment weighting

“…Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA), a genetically modified and inactivated form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin, can play an anti-tumor role by promoting cancer cell apoptosis, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, and activating immune cells and cytotoxic effects ( 13 , 14 ). In addition to its antitumor effects, PA-MSHA has been shown in several studies to treat lymphatic leakage in radical mastectomy ( 15 ), gynecologic malignant tumor surgery ( 16 ) and radical thyroidectomy ( 17 ).…”