Trends in bioactivity: inducing and detecting mineralization of regenerative polymeric scaffolds

Nitschke, Brandon M.; Beltran, Felipe O.; Hahn, Mariah S.; Grunlan, Melissa A.

doi:10.1039/d3tb02674d

J. Mater. Chem. B

2024

DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02674d

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Trends in bioactivity: inducing and detecting mineralization of regenerative polymeric scaffolds

Brandon M. Nitschke,

Felipe O. Beltran,

Mariah S. Hahn

et al.

Abstract: Due to limitations of biological and alloplastic grafts, regenerative engineering has emerged as a promising alternative to treat bone defects. Bioactive polymeric scaffolds are an integral part of such an...

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References 232 publications

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Shape Memory Polymer Bioglass Composite Scaffolds Designed to Heal Complex Bone Defects

Nitschke,

Butchko,

Wahby

et al. 2024

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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An off-the-shelf scaffold with requisite properties could enable the viable treatment of irregular craniomaxillofacial bone defects. Notably, the scaffold should be conformally fitting, innately bioactive, and bioresorbable. In prior work, we developed a series of shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds based on crosslinked poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). These were capable of "selffitting" into complex bone defects when exposed to temperatures above the melt transition of the constituent PCL, either linear-PCL-diacrylate (linear-PCL-DA, T m ∼55 °C) or star-PCLtetraacrylate (star-PCL-TA, T m ∼45 °C) for the potential to improve tissue safety. To achieve favorably increased degradation rates versus PCL-only scaffolds, semi-interpenetrating networks (semi-IPNs) were formed by including linear-or star-poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA). A potential limitation of these self-fitting scaffolds is the lack of bioactivity, which is essential to osteoinductivity and osseointegration. Herein, analogous composite scaffolds were formed with 45S5 bioglass (BG) to impart bioactivity. The solvent-cast particulate leaching fabrication method was adapted to introduce BG to the fused salt template, resulting in composites with BG concentrated on the pore wall surfaces rather than within pore struts. Composite scaffolds with good pore wall integrity were produced with 2.5, 5, and 10 wt % BG. All composite scaffolds exhibited non-brittle behavior and did not fracture with 85% strain. For semi-IPN composite scaffolds, PLLA crystallinity was lost, and mechanical properties were not appreciably altered versus the non-BG controls. Sufficient retention of PCL crystallinity led to excellent shape memory behavior. The inclusion of 5 and 10 wt % BG led to hydroxyapatite mineralization after 1 day of exposure to simulated body fluid, as well as increased rates of in vitro degradation.

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Shape Memory Polymer Bioglass Composite Scaffolds Designed to Heal Complex Bone Defects

Nitschke,

Butchko,

Wahby

et al. 2024

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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show abstract

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Trends in bioactivity: inducing and detecting mineralization of regenerative polymeric scaffolds

Abstract: Due to limitations of biological and alloplastic grafts, regenerative engineering has emerged as a promising alternative to treat bone defects. Bioactive polymeric scaffolds are an integral part of such an...

Cited by 1 publication

References 232 publications

Shape Memory Polymer Bioglass Composite Scaffolds Designed to Heal Complex Bone Defects

Shape Memory Polymer Bioglass Composite Scaffolds Designed to Heal Complex Bone Defects

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