Trends in Cancer Incidence in US Adolescents and Young Adults, 1973-2015

Scott, Alyssa; Stoltzfus, Kelsey C.; Tchelebi, Leila; Trifiletti, Daniel M.; Lehrer, Eric J.; Rao, Pooja; Bleyer, Archie; Zaorsky, Nicholas G.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27738

Cited by 117 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Testicular cancer is a relatively common neoplasm among male adolescents and young adults [24,25]. However, this neoplasm is highly curable, and though incidence has been increasing in the EU and USA [24,26], mortality continues to decline in most of Europe since the introduction of effective treatments in the 1970s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality Trends from Urologic Cancers in Europe over the Period 1980–2017 and a Projection to 2025

Bertuccio

Santucci

Carioli

et al. 2021

European Urology Oncology

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Background: Patterns and trends in urologic cancer mortality still show geographical differences across Europe. Objective: To monitor mortality trends from urologic cancers, including prostate, testis, bladder, and kidney cancers, in Europe. Design, setting, and participants: We carried out a time-trend analysis for 36 European countries using the official World Health Organization database. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: We extracted the number of deaths and population data over the 1980-2017 period, and calculated age-standardised (world population) mortality rates for each cancer considered, sex, country, and the European Union (EU) as a whole, at all ages; at ages 35-64 yr for prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers; and at ages 20-44 yr for testicular cancer. For selected major countries, we carried out a joinpoint regression analysis to identify significant changes in trends. We also predicted the number of deaths and rates for 2025, using a logarithmic Poisson count data joinpoint regression model. Results and limitations: Prostate cancer mortality in the EU decreased over recent years, reaching a rate of 10.3/100 000 in 2015 and a projected rate of 8.9/100 000 in 2025. Less favourable trends were observed in eastern Europe, though starting from relatively low rates. Testicular cancer mortality declined over time in most countries, however levelling off in northern and western countries, after reaching very low rates. EU testicular cancer mortality rate in 2015 was 0.3/100 000 at all ages and 0.6/100 000 at ages 20-44 yr. Bladder cancer mortality trends were less favourable in central and eastern countries compared to northern and western ones. The EU rates in 2015 were 5.1/100 000 men and 1.1/100 000 women. Kidney cancer mortality showed less favourable trends, with a slight increase in men and stable rates in women over the past decade in the EU. Conclusions: Mortality from prostate, testis, and bladder cancers, but not from kidney cancer, declined in most European countries, with less favourable trends in most eastern countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality Trends from Urologic Cancers in Europe over the Period 1980–2017 and a Projection to 2025

Bertuccio

Santucci

Carioli

et al. 2021

European Urology Oncology

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“…Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) represent one of the most frequent malignancies in men aged younger than 50 years [ 1 ]. The over-all cure rate is more than 90 % and most of the patients with GCT will enjoy a long life-expectancy despite the diagnosis of cancer [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revised manuscript R2, clean version are serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D reduced following orchiectomy in testicular cancer patients?

Dieckmann

Andura

Pichlmeier

et al. 2021

Basic Clin. Androl.

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Background The testis represents one place where the progenitor of vitamin D is converted into its active form. Loss of one testis was suggested to result in reduced vitamin D serum levels. Vitamin D deficiency would represent a significant health problem in the long-term course of patients with testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) since most of them survive. The purpose of this study was to look to the serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D (25OHD) levels in patients with GCTs before and after orchiectomy. A total of 177 GCT patients underwent measurements of serum 25OHD levels, thereof 83 with preoperative measurements and 94 with measurements at six particular time-points from immediate postoperatively to >24 months. Longitudinal assessments of 25OHD serum levels were performed in individual patients with repeated measurements. A second analysis involved patient cohorts with measurements at six postoperative time-points. Serum levels of patients were also compared with 2 control groups, one consisting of 84 patients with non-neoplastic testicular diseases and another with 237 patients with non-neoplastic urologic diseases. We also looked to associations of 25OHD levels with levels of testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), age, histology of GCT and season. Descriptive statistical methods were employed to compare groups and to analyze changes over time. Results Normal serum levels of 25OHD were found in 21.7%, 23.1%, 20.2%, 21.9% in GCT patients preoperatively, after >2 years, in control group 1 and control group 2, respectively. Levels were significantly higher in spring and summer, but no association was found with other parameters. We found a significant transient decrease of 25OHD levels with a nadir at 6-12 months after orchiectomy and a recovery thereafter. Conclusion Contrasting with previous studies we found no permanent reduction of serum 25OHD levels after orchiectomy but transient postoperative drop of 25OHD levels. There were no associations of 25OHD levels with age, and levels of testosterone or FSH. Our results may point to a particular role of the testis in vitamin D metabolism and may thus enhance the understanding of the diverse physiological roles of the testis.

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“…The majority of patients diagnosed with highly aggressive cancers are children and young adults, and the trend of cancer incidence in this demographic has shown a staggering 30% increase in the last 40 years [148]; colorectal cancer, for instance, has increased 2% every year since 1994 in patients under 50 years of age [149]. Childhood cancer patients have high survival rates, which in turn, results in either prolonged morbidity and a significant health burden, or late onset of conditions that will compromise their later decades of life [150].…”

Section: Tomorrow's Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life after Cell Death—Survival and Survivorship Following Chemotherapy

Erlain

Burke

Branco

2021

Cancers

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To prevent cancer cells replacing and outnumbering their functional somatic counterparts, the most effective solution is their removal. Classical treatments rely on surgical excision, chemical or physical damage to the cancer cells by conventional interventions such as chemo- and radiotherapy, to eliminate or reduce tumour burden. Cancer treatment has in the last two decades seen the advent of increasingly sophisticated therapeutic regimens aimed at selectively targeting cancer cells whilst sparing the remaining cells from severe loss of viability or function. These include small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and a myriad of compounds that affect metabolism, angiogenesis or immunotherapy. Our increased knowledge of specific cancer types, stratified diagnoses, genetic and molecular profiling, and more refined treatment practices have improved overall survival in a significant number of patients. Increased survival, however, has also increased the incidence of associated challenges of chemotherapy-induced morbidity, with some pathologies developing several years after termination of treatment. Long-term care of cancer survivors must therefore become a focus in itself, such that along with prolonging life expectancy, treatments allow for improved quality of life.

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Trends in Cancer Incidence in US Adolescents and Young Adults, 1973-2015

Abstract: This cross-sectional population-based study characterizes the epidemiology of cancer in US adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 39 years with respect to (1) patient demographic characteristics, (2) cancer type frequencies, and (3) cancer incidence trends over time.

Cited by 117 publications

References 45 publications

Mortality Trends from Urologic Cancers in Europe over the Period 1980–2017 and a Projection to 2025

Mortality Trends from Urologic Cancers in Europe over the Period 1980–2017 and a Projection to 2025

Revised manuscript R2, clean version are serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D reduced following orchiectomy in testicular cancer patients?

Life after Cell Death—Survival and Survivorship Following Chemotherapy

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