Trends in cancer incidence in Uruguay:2002 - 2015

Abstract

Background: Uruguay is the southamerican country which has the highest cancer incidence and mortality rates. The National Cancer Registry collects data on cancer cases nationwide since 1989 and has reached high quality standards in the last decades. This is the first report on incidence trends. Methods: Data from the National Cancer Registry of all new cases of invasive cancer from twelve sites diagnosed in 2002-2015 was analyzed. Age-standardized rates were calculated. Trends of incidence rates were analyzed using joinpoint regression models. Results For both, men and women, incidence rates trends for all cancer sites, colo-rectal and bladder cancer remained stable. Esophageal and gastric cancers descend while Thyroid and kidney cancer incidence increased. In men lung cancer decreased; testicular cancer increased, and prostate cancer increased at the beginning of the period and decreased in the final years. In women; lung cancer increased, breast cancer remained stable and cervical cancer presented a significant decline from 2005 to 2010 and reached a plateau since then. Conclusion: Cancer incidence dynamics are complex and affected not only by Public Health policies such as tobacco control, vaccination and screening programs, but also by environmental and life style changes and the attitude of the medical community towards the application of diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The aim of this paper is to analyze cancer incidence time trends in the country and provide possible explanations to them.

Colorectal Cancer in Young and Older Adults in Uruguay: Changes in Recent Incidence and Mortality Trends

“…It is, to our knowledge, the first locally developed time-trend analysis for CRC incidence and mortality by sex and age group published in any Latin American country. For all ages combined, we confirmed sex differences in time trends, as previously reported [12]. Although Uruguay has had a very high HDI status during the past two decades [9], the country does not fit into any of the patterns described by Arnold et al [7].…”

“…The National Cancer Registry of Uruguay (NCRU) is a population-based cancer registry (PBCR) that has recorded information at the national level since 1991 [12]. It collects, stores, analyzes, and disseminates high quality cancer data [24][25][26].…”

“…It has the highest CRC incidence rates among Latin American countries, and ranks in the highest quintile globally [1,10] (ASR 38/100,000 males and 28/100,000 females, 2012-2016) [11]. A previous analysis including cases and deaths from CRC between 2002 and 2015 showed stable CRC incidence in both sexes [12], whereas mortality declined in females with an annual percent change (APC) of −0.5 and increased in males (APC, +0.3). Both changes are mild but significant [11].…”

Cervical cancer, geographical inequalities, prevention and barriers in resource depleted countries (Review)

“…This however is a false assumption since the decrease in incidence of CC for the Singaporean population between 2005 and 2010 was 50% (from 10 to 5 per 100,000-person years), while the decrease in the incidence in CC in the Uruguay population mentioned above was 16% during the period of 2002 and 2015. Hence, in a high HDI country there was a larger incidence reduction of CC during a period of 5 years compared to a country with low HDI country during a period of 13 years ( 25 ). The plateau in incidence for Uruguay and other low HDI countries, despite globalisation of HPV vaccinations and updated screening protocols, warrant a discussion regarding geographical inequalities.…”

Colorectal cancer screening in Uruguay: current assessment and roadmap for the future

“…Within Latin America, Uruguay has the highest CRC rates, with evidence suggesting that more than half of cases (54%) are detected at advanced stages (Garau, Musetti, Alonso, & Barrios, 2019;Ministerio de Salud Pública, 2018). Across all cancers, it is ranked second highest in incidence and mortality among Uruguayan women (28.24 and 12.36 per 100,000, respectively), and third highest among Uruguayan men (38.30 and 19.01 per 100,000, respectively).…”