Trends in common rhinologic illnesses: Analysis of U.S. healthcare surveys 1995–2007

Abstract

While regression did not show statistically significant changes for AS, the odds ratio along with the number and proportion of visits suggests that an increase for AS at a similar rate of AR is possible, lending support to a relationship between these disease processes. The relatively small increase in the prevalence of AR in the United States when compared with the worldwide increase in developing countries suggests that the hygiene theory and environmental factors play a leading role in the development of AR. The relative decrease in the prevalence of CS may be the result of successful medical therapy with the increased use of nasal steroids and nasal saline irrigation.

Sinus microbiota varies among chronic rhinosinusitis phenotypes and predicts surgical outcome

“…1,2 Symptoms associated with CRS can be as severe as those quality-of-life alterations found in major diseases, such as congestive heart failure, angina, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and back pain. 3,4 Despite the problematic nature of the disease, a thorough understanding of its cause and pathogenesis is still lacking.…”

Eosinophil Production of PGD2 in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease

“…AERD is a disorder characterized by severe eosinophilic infiltrate into the sinus and respiratory tract, a baseline over-production of CysLTs and a unique sensitivity to LTE 4 following ingestion of aspirin 1,15,24,25 . Expression of LTC 4 S in eosinophils drives much of the over-production of CysLTs 24 with additional components driven by the activation of mast cells 3,5,26,27 and platelet-adherent neutrophils 28 .…”

“…AERD comprises as many as 7% of adult-onset asthmatics and up to 12-14% of adult asthmatics with severe asthma 1,2 . During aspirin reactions, many mediators are released including cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT), tryptase, ECP and prostaglandin D 2 (PGD 2 ) suggesting both mast cell and eosinophil activation [3][4][5] .…”

The effect of mouth breathing on chewing efficiency

“…A further research project will focus on how long each mouth breather is making breath through the mouth in a day. Recently there have been many reports [28][29][30][31][32] on the epidemiological incidence of chronic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, perennial allergic rhinitis, and respiratory infections, which introduce habitual mouth breathing in the younger generation. In addition, the meal times of children should have decreased because of the following factors: the time required to attend school far away from home has increased and the time it takes to eat breakfast has become shorter.…”