Trends in dementia-free life expectancy among elderly members of a large health maintenance organization

Abstract

The trends of health expectancies suggest an extension of the duration of life with dementia for males and a compression of dementia for females. A decreased incidence of risk factors for dementia among females in the second cohort such as stroke may explain these trends.

Active and cognitive impairment-free life expectancies: results from the Melton Mowbray 75+ health checks

“…Although these are the ®rst ®gures for cognitive impairment-free life expectancies to be calculated from longitudinal data in the UK, values have already been estimated for Japan and the USA [10,23]. The ®nding of -1 year with cognitive impairment for men and women, across all ages, is in keeping with the cross-sectional results found for dementia-free life expectancy [24].…”

Decreased Proportion of Dementia-Free Life Expectancy in Hong Kong SAR

“…First, institutionalized elderly subjects were not included our in study as well as in the studies from Japan [28] or the USA [33], while they were included in other previous studies from Canada, Europe, and Australia as well as in recent studies from the USA [34,35]. Some studies also covered only one or few cities/sites/areas/provinces and estimated the prevalence rates based on some health programmes, despite the fact that the samples were randomly recruited [21,23,24,25,27,29,68,69].…”

“…the DSM-III-R, the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMDEX), the Geriatric Mental State Examination (GMS-AGECAT), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)/Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) in a two- or three-phase procedure, and later the subjects were examined by a physician. For instance, in the USA, Sauvaget et al [33] used data that were derived from the medical records of two cohorts of elderly Americans, while the authors did not perform a screening programme to detect dementia. However, in other studies from the USA, LE with and without cognitive impairment was based on the prevalence of cognitive impairment estimated from the Assets and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) sample, which covered self-respondent and proxy-respondent summary measures [34,35].…”

“…The calculation methods are also different. Sullivan's method was employed in most of the previous studies, but in the Japanese, US, and British studies [28,32,33], the authors used the double-decrement method based on dementia incidence rates.…”

“…According to the REVES bibliography database from 2013 [22], there were 1,516 scientific papers and/or reports related to LE with regard to different health dimensions, but few papers have been published in relation to DemFLE, and they have focused mainly on eight developed countries, namely Australia [23,24], Belgium [25], Canada [21,26], France [27], Japan [28], the Netherlands [29], the UK [30,31,32], and the USA [33,34,35], as well as on one developing country, i.e. Brazil [36].…”