Trends in Detection Rates of Risky Marijuana Use in Colorado Health Care Settings

Richmond, Melissa K.; Page, Katie; Rivera, Laura; Reimann, Brie; Fischer, Leigh

doi:10.1080/08897077.2012.755146

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The risk of dependence can be heightened when chronic use has a component of emotional relief, which is common among those applying for medical marijuana access (O'Connell & BouMatar 2007). The results are consistent with the findings of Richmond et al (2013) in which increases in overall marijuana use, and severity of use, coincided with increased numbers of medical marijuana users and dispensaries in Colorado. They are also consistent with findings of greater frequency of marijuana use among returning medical marijuana users in Michigan compared to first-time applicants for a medical marijuana card (Ilgen et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Frequency and Risk of Marijuana Use among Substance-Using Health Care Patients in Colorado with and without Access to State Legalized Medical Marijuana

Richmond

Pampel

Rivera

et al. 2015

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

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With increasing use of state legalized medical marijuana across the country, health care providers need accurate information on patterns of marijuana and other substance use for patients with access to medical marijuana. This study compared frequency and severity of marijuana use, and use of other substances, for patients with and without state legal access to medical marijuana. Data were collected from 2,030 patients who screened positive for marijuana use when seeking health care services in a large, urban safety-net medical center. Patients were screened as part of a federally funded screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) initiative. Patients were asked at screening whether they had a state-issued medical marijuana card and about risky use of tobacco, alcohol, and other illicit substances. A total of 17.4% of marijuana users had a medical marijuana card. Patients with cards had higher frequency of marijuana use and were more likely to screen at moderate than low or high risk from marijuana use. Patients with cards also had lower use of other substances than patients without cards. Findings can inform health care providers of both the specific risks of frequent, long-term use and the more limited risks of other substance use faced by legal medical marijuana users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Frequency and Risk of Marijuana Use among Substance-Using Health Care Patients in Colorado with and without Access to State Legalized Medical Marijuana

Richmond

Pampel

Rivera

et al. 2015

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

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“…Recent research has reported increased cannabis use by drivers in California from 2007 to 2010 (36) and increased marijuana use by patients treated in Colorado health care settings (37). The marked increase in the prevalence of cannabinol reported in the present study is likely germane to the growing decriminalization of marijuana.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Trends in Alcohol and Other Drugs Detected in Fatally Injured Drivers in the United States, 1999-2010

Brady¹,

Li²

2014

American Journal of Epidemiology

165

100

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Drugged driving is a safety issue of increasing public concern. Using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for 1999-2010, we assessed trends in alcohol and other drugs detected in drivers who were killed within 1 hour of a motor vehicle crash in 6 US states (California, Hawaii, Illinois, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and West Virginia) that routinely performed toxicological testing on drivers involved in such crashes. Of the 23,591 drivers studied, 39.7% tested positive for alcohol and 24.8% for other drugs. During the study period, the prevalence of positive results for nonalcohol drugs rose from 16.6% in 1999 to 28.3% in 2010 (Z = -10.19, P < 0.0001), whereas the prevalence of positive results for alcohol remained stable. The most commonly detected nonalcohol drug was cannabinol, the prevalence of which increased from 4.2% in 1999 to 12.2% in 2010 (Z = -13.63, P < 0.0001). The increase in the prevalence of nonalcohol drugs was observed in all age groups and both sexes. These results indicate that nonalcohol drugs, particularly marijuana, are increasingly detected in fatally injured drivers.

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“…Finally, due to the long half-life of THC, our outcome variable (cannabis positivity) does not directly measure cannabis impairment. THC metabolism follows the 3-compartment model of pharmacokinetics (Sempio et al 2020), and traces of its inactive metabolite, THC-COOH, can be found within the blood specimen up to a week after cannabis consumption whereas adverse effects of cannabis on driving usually disappear after 24 h (Ronen et al 2008;Richmond et al 2013). Since 94.6% of FARS toxicological cannabinoid testing data came from whole blood specimens, it is possible that a driver's positive toxicological testing data for cannabis may be due to an inactive drug metabolite (THC-COOH) from past use, and not necessarily represent current impairment.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State cannabis laws and cannabis positivity among fatally injured drivers

Leavitt,

Chihuri,

2024

Inj. Epidemiol.

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Background As of November 8, 2023, 24 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis for both recreational and medical use (RMCL-states), 14 states have legalized cannabis for medical use only (MCL-states) and 12 states have no comprehensive cannabis legislation (NoCL-states). As more states legalize cannabis for recreational use, it is critical to understand the impact of such policies on driving safety. Methods Using the 2019 and 2020 Fatality Analysis Reporting System data, we performed multivariable logistic regression modeling to explore the association between state level legalization status and cannabis positivity using toxicological testing data for 14,079 fatally injured drivers. We performed a sensitivity analysis by including multiply imputed toxicological testing data for the 14,876 eligible drivers with missing toxicological testing data. Results Overall, 4702 (33.4%) of the 14,079 fatally injured drivers tested positive for cannabis use. The prevalence of cannabis positivity was 30.7% in NoCL-states, 32.8% in MCL-states, and 38.2% in RMCL-states (p < 0.001). Compared to drivers fatally injured in NoCL-states, the adjusted odds ratios of testing positive for cannabis were 1.09 (95% confidence interval: 0.99, 1.19) for those fatally injured in MCL-states and 1.54 (95% confidence interval: 1.34, 1.77) for those fatally injured in RMCL-states. Sensitivity analysis yielded similar results. Conclusions Over one-third of fatally injured drivers tested positive for cannabis use. Drivers fatally injured in states with laws permitting recreational use of cannabis were significantly more likely to test positive for cannabis use than those in states without such laws. State medical cannabis laws had little impact on the odds of cannabis positivity among fatally injured drivers.

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Trends in Detection Rates of Risky Marijuana Use in Colorado Health Care Settings

Abstract: Findings suggest that health care providers may be serving increasing numbers of patients using marijuana for medical or recreational purposes.

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Frequency and Risk of Marijuana Use among Substance-Using Health Care Patients in Colorado with and without Access to State Legalized Medical Marijuana

Frequency and Risk of Marijuana Use among Substance-Using Health Care Patients in Colorado with and without Access to State Legalized Medical Marijuana

Trends in Alcohol and Other Drugs Detected in Fatally Injured Drivers in the United States, 1999-2010

State cannabis laws and cannabis positivity among fatally injured drivers

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