Trends in Emulsion Polymerization Processes from an Industrial Perspective

Hungenberg, Klaus‐Dieter; Jahns, Ekkehard

doi:10.1007/12_2017_14

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…To maintain the stability of these growing particles, the batch recipe includes a large concentration of surfactants. However, this high loading of surfactant risks causing the continued nucleation of particles (secondary nucleation) and therefore a poorly controlled particle size distribution (PSD) that will result in a colloidally unstable product. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Biphasic Seeded Emulsion Polymerization in a Tubular Flow Reactor

Horn

Johnston

Guironnet

2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A novel procedure for the production of polymer latex in a flow tubular reactor capable of achieving high solids content latex (>30 wt %) is reported herein. The novelty of this approach consists of using a biphasic solutionaqueous phase containing polymer seed and a pure monomer organic phasewithout pre-emulsification and feeding this solution slowly in a heated tubular reactor (slug flow). The polymerization was conducted over multiple stages to allow the addition of precise quantities of surfactant. The surfactant loading needed for stabilizationwithout causing secondary nucleationwas determined as a function of the latex particles' sizes through a series of batch experiments. Using this multistage polymerization strategy, poly(methyl methacrylate) latexes with a solids content of 35 wt % (131 nm) were successfully produced with no noticeable fouling of the reactor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Biphasic Seeded Emulsion Polymerization in a Tubular Flow Reactor

Horn

Johnston

Guironnet

2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Emulsion polymerization is an important and highly successful technique for the production of synthetic polymers, providing materials with distinct chemical compositions and facilitating potential application feasibility . In addition, it is more environmentally friendly than other polymerization techniques for producing polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong and UV-Responsive Plant Oil-Based Ethanol Aqueous Adhesives Fabricated Via Surfactant-free RAFT-Mediated Emulsion Polymerization

Yan

Wang

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Biomass-based polymeric materials have recently garnered a lot of attention from both academic and industrial realms, owing to their important roles for addressing environmental issues and achieving sustainable developments. As one of the cheapest and most widely available biomass feedstock, plant oils are promising to produce polymeric materials for replacing petroleum-based counterparts. However, there is lack of a green and highly effective method to prepare outstanding plant oil-based polymeric materials, limiting their potential applicability. In this work, surfactant-free RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization was explored for the fabrication of plant oil-based ethanol aqueous adhesives. A series of plant oil-based ethanol aqueous adhesives have been successfully fabricated by introducing thymine-containing monomers to tackify the adhesives. The obtained ethanol aqueous adhesives showcase outstanding adhesive properties for distinct substrates and tunable adhesive performance upon UV irradiation. This work highlights that surfactant-free RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization is a straightforward and feasible approach to fabricate prominent polymeric materials including adhesives or coatings from biomass feedstock such as plant oils.

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“…The ester bond in the repeating unit makes the polymer susceptible to biological and hydrolytic degradation conferring its biodegradability. , In industry, the ROP is traditionally performed under moderately anhydrous conditions as water can both deactivate the catalyst and act as an initiator; thus, excess water severely limits the attainable molecular weight. − In academia, despite the plethora of novel catalysts being developed, most new catalysts are presumed to be quickly and quantitatively deactivated by water and thus are used under purely anhydrous conditions . This water reactivity has thus far categorically prevented the implementation of ROP in an aqueous environment, which would be essential for emulsion polymerization. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 This water reactivity has thus far categorically prevented the implementation of ROP in an aqueous environment, which would be essential for emulsion polymerization. 26,27 Miniemulsion polymerization has been successfully implemented for catalytic polymerizations using catalysts that are moderately compatible with water. 28−30 The anionic ROP of high ring strain epoxides has been successfully performed using this technique; however, the high water content limits the molecular weight of the polymer produced (M n ≤ 730 g mol −1 ).…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters in an Aqueous Dispersion

2020

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Aqueous polymer dispersions are commodity materials produced on a multimillion-ton scale annually. Today none of these materials are biodegradable because the process by which they are made is not compatible with the synthesis of biodegradable polymers. Herein, we report a droplet microfluidic encapsulation strategy for protecting a water incompatible ring-opening polymerization (ROP) catalyst from the aqueous phase, yielding biodegradable polymer particles dispersed in water. Polymerization yields 300 μm sized particles comprised of biodegradable poly(δ-valerolactone) with molecular weights up to 19.5 kg mol–1. The success of this approach relies on simultaneous precise control of the kinetics of polymerization, the rate of mass transfer, and fluid mechanics. The power of this methodology was demonstrated by the synthesis of cross-linked polymer particles through the copolymerization of bis(ε-caprolactone-4-yl)propane and δ-valerolactone, producing cross-linked polymer particles with molecular weights reaching 65.3 kg mol–1. Overall, this encapsulation technique opens the door for the synthesis of biodegradable polymer latex and processable, biodegradable elastomers.

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Trends in Emulsion Polymerization Processes from an Industrial Perspective

Cited by 16 publications

References 41 publications

Biphasic Seeded Emulsion Polymerization in a Tubular Flow Reactor

Biphasic Seeded Emulsion Polymerization in a Tubular Flow Reactor

Strong and UV-Responsive Plant Oil-Based Ethanol Aqueous Adhesives Fabricated Via Surfactant-free RAFT-Mediated Emulsion Polymerization

Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters in an Aqueous Dispersion

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