Trends in female breast cancer incidence, mortality, and survival in Austria, with focus on age, stage, and birth cohorts (1983–2017)

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant disease and the leading cause of cancer death in women in Austria. We investigated overall and subgroup-specific female breast cancer rates to provide a comprehensive analysis of trends over several decades. Incidence, mortality, and survival, as well as age-, stage-, and birth cohort-specific incidence were analysed using nationwide cancer registry data on 163,694 cases of female breast cancer in Austria (1983–2017). Annual percentage changes were estimated using joinpoint regression. BC incidence underwent linear increases until 1997 and reversed with statistically non-significant declines until 2017. After initial increases in BC-specific mortality, rates were stable from 1989 through 1995 and started declining thereafter, although statistically non-significantly after 2011. Overall BC-specific survivals, as well as survivals according to the calendar period of diagnosis, increased throughout the observation period. Incidence in younger women (aged 44 and lower) showed linear increases, whereas for women aged 45 and higher mostly stable or decreasing rates were observed. Localised BC incidence increased markedly and started declining only in 2012. Distant disease-BC incidence decreased through the whole observation period and incidence of regionalised BC started declining in 2000. Birth cohort-specific incidence peaked in women born between 1935 and 1949 (ages 45–74). In conclusion, the incidence of BC in younger women is increasing, while overall female BC incidence and mortality are stable with non-significant declines. Further, increases in the incidence of early-stage BC (localised) seem disproportionately high in comparison to more modest decreases in late-stage BC incidence (regionalised and distant disease).

Population-based temporal trends and ethnic disparity in breast cancer mortality in South Africa (1999-2018): Joinpoint and age–period–cohort regression analyses

“…had the lowest AAPC in Sub-Saharan Africa (AAPC:<50 years: 0.53%, 50-69 years: 0.34%, ≥70 years: 0.82%) and in all other global regions from 1990 to 2017 (48). This pattern suggests that women aged 50-59 years generally had routine or opportunistic screening, or there was reduction in perimenopausal HRT use from 2000 (4,34,45). The increased mortality rate of breast cancer among South African women older than 70 years may be associated with increasing life expectancy and comorbid factors (33,34,36,48,50).…”

“…Similarly, most countries in SSA and Asia had increasing mortality trends (29,32,33). In contrast, there was a decline in breast cancer mortality in most HICs and middle-income countries because of mass screening with mammography and clinical breast examination, hereditary screening of high-risk individuals, molecular and histopathological classification, early patient presentation, and prompt treatment with surgery (mastectomy), adjuvant hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37). The period RR and segmental APC suggest a reduction in the increasing rate of breast cancer mortality during the later period of 2004 to 2018 (5.9% per annum vs. 0.5% per annum).…”

“…Furthermore, we found that in the later years (2014-2018), women aged 45-49 years had a rapid rise in breast cancer mortality rate of around 5% per annum. Thus, death from premenopausal breast cancer is fast becoming a major cause of cancer deaths among young South Africans and globally (4,34,43,45,46). Nonetheless, a decline in mortality rate occurred despite increased incidence among young women in some countries in LMICs and HICs and this was attributed to routine and opportunistic screening during antenatal and contraceptive consultations and a strong cohort effect from the 1950s (45)(46)(47).…”

“…This pattern suggests that women aged 50-59 years generally had routine or opportunistic screening, or there was reduction in perimenopausal HRT use from 2000 (4,34,45). The increased mortality rate of breast cancer among South African women older than 70 years may be associated with increasing life expectancy and comorbid factors (33,34,36,48,50). Thus, research and public health interventions aimed at reducing the burden of breast cancer should target all age groups from 25 years.…”

Folic Acid Functionalized Diallyl Trisulfide–Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Targeting Triple Negative Breast Cancer

“…Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common invasive tumors among women globally and is one of the prime causes of malignancy-related death. Men account for less than 1% of all diagnosed BC cases [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. As per the latest GLOBOCAN data, BC will rise by 41% in incidence and by 59% in mortality if remained unchecked in the next 20 years.…”