Trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in South Korea, 1998–2021: a nationally representative serial study

Abstract

The impact of the pandemic on hypertension management is unknown, particularly regarding changes in demographic risk factors. We conducted a comprehensive study between 1998 and 2021 on the long-term trends in hypertension prevalence in South Korea, including a comparison of the pre-pandemic and pandemic eras. Data from 1998 to 2021 of 108,687 Korean adults were obtained through a nationwide, large-scale, and serial study. We conducted a weighted complex sampling analysis on the estimates of national prevalence and compared the slope of hypertension prevalence before and during the pandemic to determine the trend dynamics. We included 108,687 participants over 24 years, 1998–2021. While the prevalence of patients with hypertension consistently increased before the pandemic from 25.51% [95% CI: 24.27–26.75] in 1998–2005 to 27.81% [95% CI: 26.97–28.66] in 2016–2019, the increasing slope in hypertension prevalence slowed during the pandemic period (28.07% [95% CI: 26.16–29.98] for 2021; βdiff, −0.012 [−0.023 to 0.000]). Hypertension awareness, treatment, control, and control rates among patients receiving treatment followed similar trends. Compared to the pre-pandemic era, individuals aged 19–59 years or male had significantly increased control rates among the treated patients during the pandemic. This study investigated long-term trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control among Korean adults. The absence of a reduction in the health indicators associated with hypertension during the pandemic implies that medical services for individuals with hypertension remain unaffected.