Trends in Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control Rates in Shandong Province of China

Zhao, Yong; Lu, Fanghong; Sun, Hui; Liu, Zhendong; Zhao, Yingxin; Sun, Shan; Wang, Shujian; Diao, Yutao; Zhang, Hua

doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2012.00670.x

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The rates of HBP awareness, treatment and control among HBP patients in our investigation were 70.0%, 62.1% and 29.6%, respectively. These rates were higher than the HBP awareness, treatment and control rates of 30.2%, 24.7% and 6.1%, respectively, found in the 2002 China national survey2 and those found in other studies in China345678920 and in other developing countries2122, but they were lower than the respective rates of 80.6%, 71.6% and 48.4% in the 2007 to 2008 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey13. However, there was no similarity in age, sampling and representativeness between the studies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Hypertension Detection, Management, Control and Associated Factors Among Residents Accessing Community Health Services In Beijing

Jiang

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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The aim of this study was to analyse high blood pressure detection, management, control and associated factors among residents accessing community health services (CHSs) in Beijing. We screened for HBP in 9524 individuals aged 50 years or older who accessed care in four Beijing CHSs. Among the 9397 residents with questionnaire responses that qualified them for inclusion in the study, 5029 patients with HBP were identified, 1510 (i.e., 30% of the HBP patient group) of whom were newly identified cases. The rate of hypertension detection was 53.5%. Among the 5029 HBP patients, the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were 70.0%, 62.1% and 29.6%, respectively. In general, the rate of hypertension control was higher when the rates of hypertension awareness and treatment were higher in subgroups stratified by different sociodemographic and risk factors, except for the overweight and obesity subgroups. In conclusion, suboptimal HBP awareness, treatment, and control are still major problems confronting CHSs in Beijing. Control of hypertension in the population may be improved by increasing awareness and improving the treatment of hypertension in CHSs.H ypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. In 2010, high blood pressure (HBP) accounted for 12.0% of disability-adjusted life-years and 24.6% of deaths in China and, after a composite of dietary risk factors, was the second most important risk factor for total disease burden 1 . Thus, achieving optimal blood pressure (BP) control in patients with HBP is an important objective for the early prevention and control of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and for decreasing disease burden in China. Epidemiological surveys have shown that the prevalence of hypertension in China has increased from 13.6% in 1991 to 18.8% in 2002, whereas the rates of antihypertensive treatment and control are lower than those in developed countries 2-13 . As part of the healthcare reforms in China, there has been an increasing focus on hypertension prevention and control in community health services (CHSs). Following the release and implementation of Chinese guidelines for the management of hypertension, all CHS centres or stations in Beijing, covering both urban and rural communities, have been involved in the management of hypertension since 2008 [14][15][16][17] . These measures have improved the management and control of BP in patients with HBP in the community. However, it is unclear how the measures have affected current detection and management of hypertension in Beijing community residents. One of the main measures of the primary prevention of cardiocerebrovascular diseases is increasing awareness and treatment of patients with hypertension, thereby achieving optimal BP control. However, there is little information on the factors associated with Hypertension detection, awareness, treatment and control in the Chinese CHS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve the prevention and control of HBP in the population by...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Hypertension Detection, Management, Control and Associated Factors Among Residents Accessing Community Health Services In Beijing

Jiang

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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“…Our study found that 1 in 4 adults in Shandong Province had hypertension in 2011 — an estimated 16 million people. Other surveys, using different methods of sampling and analysis, found that hypertension is becoming common in Shandong Province (17,18). The prevalence of hypertension in Shandong in our study was lower than the pooled prevalence in the northern region (25.8%) and higher than that in the southern region of China (20.4%) (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control and Sodium Intake in Shandong Province, China: Baseline Results From Shandong–Ministry of Health Action on Salt Reduction and Hypertension (SMASH), 2011

Bi¹,

Liang²,

Xu³

et al. 2014

Prev. Chronic Dis.

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IntroductionIn China, population-based blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension are increasing. Meanwhile, sodium intake, a major risk factor for hypertension, is high. In 2011, to develop intervention priorities for a salt reduction and hypertension control project in Shandong Province (population 96 million), a cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect information on sodium intake and hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control.MethodsComplex, multistage sampling methods were used to select a provincial-representative adult sample. Blood pressure was measured and a survey conducted among all participants; condiments were weighed in the household, a 24-hour dietary recall was conducted, and urine was collected. Hypertension was determined by blood pressure measured on a single occasion and self-reported use of antihypertension medications.ResultsOverall, 23.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.9%–26.0%) of adults in Shandong were estimated to have hypertension. Among those classified as having hypertension, approximately one-third (34.5%) reported having hypertension, approximately one-fourth (27.5%) reported taking medications, and one-seventh (14.9%) had their blood pressure controlled (<140/<90 mm Hg). Estimated total average daily dietary sodium intake was 5,745 mg (95% CI, 5,428 mg–6,063 mg). Most dietary sodium (80.8%) came from salt and high-salt condiments added during cooking: a sodium intake of 4,640 mg (95% CI, 4,360 mg–4,920 mg). The average daily urinary sodium excretion was 5,398 mg (95% CI, 5,112 mg–5,683 mg). ConclusionHypertension and excessive sodium intake in adults are major public health problems in Shandong Province, China.

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“…The different characteristics of the two populations enrolled and the different methodologies applied for measuring BP levels may at least, in part, explain the observed discrepancies between the results of these two studies [16]. Another survey, performed in Brazil and including 2060 people aged between 23 and 25 years, reported a prevalence of 13.5 % of individuals having borderline BP values and 9.5 % of individuals having essential hypertension, respectively [17].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 95%

Hypertension in Young People: Epidemiology, Diagnostic Assessment and Therapeutic Approach

Battistoni

Canichella

Pignatelli

et al. 2015

High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev

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High blood pressure (BP) still remains one of the most relevant cardiovascular risk factors, also due to its persistently high prevalence and growing incidence in the general adult and elderly population. Since almost all hypertension-related cardiovascular complications, mostly including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and congestive heart failure, occurred in adult and elderly individuals, evidence on both prevalence and clinical management of hypertension in young individuals are lacking. Therefore, the clinical impact of high BP levels in young populations remains to be explored. In the recent years, the attitude of the scientific community has changed and more attention was devoted to young individuals with hypertension, also in view of the fact that early identification of these subjects may prevent developing of established hypertension in adulthood. In addition, unhealthy lifestyle habits have progressively involved children and adolescents worldwide, thus contributing to further increase the risk of developing hypertension in young individuals. On the basis of these considerations, the present review is aimed at providing a brief reappraisal of the major aspects of hypertension in the young age, as well as at promoting interest and discussion on this important issue.

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Trends in Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control Rates in Shandong Province of China

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Hypertension Detection, Management, Control and Associated Factors Among Residents Accessing Community Health Services In Beijing

Hypertension Detection, Management, Control and Associated Factors Among Residents Accessing Community Health Services In Beijing

Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control and Sodium Intake in Shandong Province, China: Baseline Results From Shandong–Ministry of Health Action on Salt Reduction and Hypertension (SMASH), 2011

Hypertension in Young People: Epidemiology, Diagnostic Assessment and Therapeutic Approach

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