Trends in Imported Chikungunya Virus Infections in Germany, 2006–2009

Frank, Christina; Schöneberg, Irene; Stark, Klaus

doi:10.1089/vbz.2010.0269

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…While Papua New Guinea and South Asia remain the most common regions of acquisition of imported malaria in Australia [35], the large proportion of cases from sub-Saharan Africa and an increase in Plasmodium falciparum cases as a proportion of total imported malaria in Australia [17] and New Zealand [28] have previously been reported and reflect the changing patterns of migration and travel in the region. Early in the re-emergence of chikungunya in 2004, cases were predominantly returning tourist travellers to islands in the Indian Ocean; however, changes in the global epidemiology of this infection, including large ongoing outbreaks around the globe, has resulted in an expansion of the origins of imported disease to include India and countries in South East Asia [35–37], resulting in an increased risk for VFR travellers [38] of ethnicities common in Australia. The source countries of immigration and global disease outbreaks should inform travel health messages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of travellers visiting friends and relatives to notified infectious diseases in Australia: state-based enhanced surveillance

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYImmigrants and their children who return to their country of origin to visit friends and relatives (VFR) are at increased risk of acquiring infectious diseases compared to other travellers. VFR travel is an important disease control issue, as one quarter of Australia's population are foreign-born and one quarter of departing Australian international travellers are visiting friends and relatives. We conducted a 1-year prospective enhanced surveillance study in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia to determine the contribution of VFR travel to notifiable diseases associated with travel, including typhoid, paratyphoid, measles, hepatitis A, hepatitis E, malaria and chikungunya. Additional data on characteristics of international travel were collected. Recent international travel was reported by 180/222 (81%) enhanced surveillance cases, including all malaria, chikungunya and paratyphoid cases. The majority of cases who acquired infections during travel were immigrant Australians (96, 53%) or their Australian-born children (43, 24%). VFR travel was reported by 117 (65%) travel-associated cases, highest for typhoid (31/32, 97%). Cases of children (aged <18 years) (86%) were more frequently VFR travellers compared to adult travellers (57%, P < 0·001). VFR travel is an important contributor to imported disease in Australia. Communicable disease control strategies targeting these travellers, such as targeted health promotion, are likely to impact importation of these travel-related infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of travellers visiting friends and relatives to notified infectious diseases in Australia: state-based enhanced surveillance

et al. 2016

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“…Interest in chikungunya fever, long known to be endemic to tropical Africa and Asia, resurged in 2005–2006 when a large outbreak spread through the Indian Ocean islands and Asia–Pacific region ( 29 , 30 ). The continuing epidemic has affected populations in popular travel destinations; many imported cases among travelers have been reported ( 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Travel-associated Illness Trends and Clusters, 2000–2010

Leder¹,

Torresi²,

Brownstein³

et al. 2013

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

107

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Longitudinal data examining travel-associated illness patterns are lacking. To address this need and determine trends and clusters in travel-related illness, we examined data for 2000–2010, prospectively collected for 42,223 ill travelers by 18 GeoSentinel sites. The most common destinations from which ill travelers returned were sub-Saharan Africa (26%), Southeast Asia (17%), south-central Asia (15%), and South America (10%). The proportion who traveled for tourism decreased significantly, and the proportion who traveled to visit friends and relatives increased. Among travelers returning from malaria-endemic regions, the proportionate morbidity (PM) for malaria decreased; in contrast, the PM trends for enteric fever and dengue (excluding a 2002 peak) increased. Case clustering was detected for malaria (Africa 2000, 2007), dengue (Thailand 2002, India 2003), and enteric fever (Nepal 2009). This multisite longitudinal analysis highlights the utility of sentinel surveillance of travelers for contributing information on disease activity trends and an evidence base for travel medicine recommendations.

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“…Of note, in Tanzania, acute CHIKV infections occurred more often during dry months and only hepatomegaly and absence of vomiting were associated clinical features. However, other studies with different enrollment criteria (including patients living in tropical countries as well as travelers) have reported acute onset or shorter duration of illness [28], older age [5,23,29], arthritis and/or arthralgia [5,24,28,30], conjunctivitis [31], and rash [24,26,28] to be suggestive of acute CHIKV infection rather than DENV or other acute febrile illness. In contrast, male predominance [5,23,28] and the occurence and degree of leukopenia [32], including lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia [24,26,30] have been more variable findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya as a Cause of Acute Febrile Illness in Southern Sri Lanka

et al. 2013

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BackgroundChikungunya virus (CHIKV) re-emerged in Sri Lanka in late 2006 after a 40-year hiatus. We sought to identify and characterize acute chikungunya infection (CHIK) in patients presenting with acute undifferentiated febrile illness in unstudied rural and semi-urban southern Sri Lanka in 2007. Methodology/Principal FindingsWe enrolled febrile patients ≥ 2 years of age, collected uniform epidemiologic and clinical data, and obtained serum samples for serology, virus isolation, and real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Serology on paired acute and convalescent samples identified acute chikungunya infection in 3.5% (28/797) patients without acute dengue virus (DENV) infection, 64.3% (18/28) of which were confirmed by viral isolation and/or real-time RT-PCR. No CHIKV/DENV co-infections were detected among 54 patients with confirmed acute DENV. Sequencing of the E1 coding region of six temporally distinct CHIKV isolates (April through October 2007) showed that all isolates posessed the E1-226A residue and were most closely related to Sri Lankan and Indian isolates from the same time period. Except for more frequent and persistent musculoskeletal symptoms, acute chikungunya infections mimicked DENV and other acute febrile illnesses. Only 12/797 (1.5%) patients had serological evidence of past chikungunya infection. Conclusions/SignificanceOur findings suggest CHIKV is a prominent cause of non-specific acute febrile illness in southern Sri Lanka.

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Trends in Imported Chikungunya Virus Infections in Germany, 2006–2009

Abstract: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been previously reported in many African and Asian areas, but it recently reemerged strongly in countries bordering

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

The contribution of travellers visiting friends and relatives to notified infectious diseases in Australia: state-based enhanced surveillance

The contribution of travellers visiting friends and relatives to notified infectious diseases in Australia: state-based enhanced surveillance

Travel-associated Illness Trends and Clusters, 2000–2010

Chikungunya as a Cause of Acute Febrile Illness in Southern Sri Lanka

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