Trends in Incidence of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in Malta

Schranz, Antoine G.

doi:10.2337/diacare.21.1.194

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Not surprisingly, there was a temporal trend toward an increasing male-to-female ratio in childhood-onset diabetes contrasting with a decreasing ratio in adult-onset disease (Table 3; P ϭ 0.024). This is in line with results of an epidemiological study on childhood diabetes in Malta, reporting a selective decrease of age at diagnosis in boys (21).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

The Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in the Age Group 0–39 Years Has Not Increased in Antwerp (Belgium) Between 1989 and 2000

Weets

Leeuw²,

Caju³

et al. 2002

Diabetes Care

121

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THE BELGIAN DIABETES REGISTRY 7OBJECTIVE -A worldwide increase in the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes has been observed. Because in various countries the majority of new type 1 diabetic patients are diagnosed in adulthood, we investigated whether the rising incidence of this disorder in children reflects a global increase in the incidence of diabetes or a shift toward earlier clinical presentation.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -The incidence of type 1 diabetes presenting before age 40 years was prospectively measured in the Antwerp district over a 12-year period (1989 -2000). The completeness of ascertainment was evaluated by the capture-recapture method. Trends in incidence during the study period were analyzed by Poisson regression.RESULTS -The incidence of type 1 diabetes diagnosed before age 40 years remained constant over the 12-year period, averaging 9.9 cases per 100,000 individuals per year. The incidence was similar in both sexes under age 15 years, but a marked male excess was noted for adult-onset disease, in particular after age 20 years, resulting in a male-to-female ratio of 0.9 under age 15 years vs. 1.6 thereafter (P ϭ 0.001). During the 12-year observation period, there was a significant tendency toward increasing incidence under age 15 years at the expense of a decreasing incidence between ages 15 and 40 years (P ϭ 0.025). The annual increase in incidence averaged 1.8% under age 15 years and 5.0% under age 5 years (P ϭ 0.06).CONCLUSIONS -Our results indicate that in Belgium, the increasing incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes-especially for children under age 5 years-is not attributable to a global increase in disease incidence, but rather to earlier clinical manifestation. The results suggest that an environmental factor may preferentially accelerate the subclinical disease process in young diabetes-prone subjects. Diabetes Care 25:840 -846, 2002

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

The Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in the Age Group 0–39 Years Has Not Increased in Antwerp (Belgium) Between 1989 and 2000

Weets

Leeuw²,

Caju³

et al. 2002

Diabetes Care

121

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“…A seasonal pattern of births with a spring or summer excess has been reported in several locations (70–72) but this has not been found consistently (73). Recently, an investigation of seasonality of birth in 19 European regions found no uniform season of birth pattern (74).…”

Section: Type 1 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 96%

UVR, Vitamin D and Three Autoimmune Diseases—Multiple Sclerosis, Type 1 Diabetes, Rheumatoid Arthritis

Ponsonby

Lucas

Mei

2005

Photochem & Photobiology

195

136

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We review the evidence indicating a possible beneficial role for UVR on three Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases: multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis in relation to recent developments in photoimmunology. Recent work suggests that UVR exposure may be one factor that can attenuate the autoimmune activity leading to these three diseases through several pathways involving UVB and UVA irradiation, UVR-derived vitamin D synthesis and other routes such as alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, calcitonin gene related peptide and melatonin. Ecological features, particularly a gradient of increasing prevalence of multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes with higher latitude, provide some support for a beneficial role of UVR. Analytical studies provide additional support, particularly as low vitamin D has been prospectively associated with disease onset for all three diseases, but are not definitive. Randomized controlled trial data are required. Further, we discuss how associated genetic studies may assist the accumulation of evidence with regard to the possible causal role of low UVR exposure and/or low vitamin D status in the development of these diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies reported different patterns of change between boys and girls [21][22][23][24][25]. Two small studies (Malta, 1980(Malta, -1996Devon andCornwall, UK, 1975-2001) concluded to a more pronounced decrease in age at diagnosis and a faster increase in diabetes incidence in boys as compared with girls [24,25]. Other studies between 1965 and 2000 reported a rising incidence of type 1 diabetes in both sexes but noticed that the increase in boys preceded that in girls by years to decades (Finland and Sweden) [22,23] or was more pronounced in males, especially in an urban setting (Lithuania) [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes continues to decrease in Belgian boys but not in girls: a 15‐year survey

Weets

Rooman

Coeckelberghs

et al. 2007

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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Trends in Incidence of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in Malta

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

The Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in the Age Group 0–39 Years Has Not Increased in Antwerp (Belgium) Between 1989 and 2000

The Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in the Age Group 0–39 Years Has Not Increased in Antwerp (Belgium) Between 1989 and 2000

UVR, Vitamin D and Three Autoimmune Diseases—Multiple Sclerosis, Type 1 Diabetes, Rheumatoid Arthritis

The age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes continues to decrease in Belgian boys but not in girls: a 15‐year survey

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