Trends in married couples' time use: Evidence from 1977?78 and 1987?88

Zick, Cathleen D.; McCullough, Jane

doi:10.1007/bf00289334

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Interestingly, however, the decline in unpaid work, which occurred between 1971 and 1981, preceded the increase in paid work, which occurred between 1981 and 1992. This contradicts what is often assumed in the literature, that women's unpaid work declined in response to added paid work demands (Zick and McCullough 1991). This can likely be attributed to the fact that women's labor-force participation rates did increase over the period from 1971 to 1981, but these early increases probably took the form of part-time employment.…”

Section: Figure 4 Men's Unpaid Work Across Time and Age Cohortsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Productive Activity in Later Life

2006

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The authors examined time spent on paid and unpaid work across the life course and historically to reflect on connections between activity patterns and macroeconomic events. The authors conducted quasi-cohort analysis on timeuse data over 30 years to examine trends in paid and unpaid work. Women aged 40 years and older spent more time on paid work and less time on unpaid work between 1971 and 1998. Men's paid work time decreased between 1971 and 1981 and between 1992 and 1998 but increased between 1981 and 1992, paralleling economic cycles. Paid work declined in later life, both in cross-sections and within birth cohorts, for men and women, and it declined more rapidly with each successive survey year. Unpaid work peaked around the usual retirement age for men and women in all birth cohorts. Retired seniors remained engaged in productive activities into later life, making a partial substitution of one form of productive engagement for another.

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Section: Figure 4 Men's Unpaid Work Across Time and Age Cohortsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Productive Activity in Later Life

2006

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“…This is a strong assumption that is not supported by the few general time allocation trend analyses that have been conducted (Douthitt, 1989;Gershuny & Robinson, 1988;SanilL 1981;Zick & McCullough, 1991). Although they do not always use the same independent variables, these trend analyses generally support the contention that the structural relationships between family characteristics and parents' time allocation patterns have changed during the past twenty years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Are we investing less in the next generation? Historical trends in time spent caring for children

Bryant

Zick

1996

J Fam Econ Iss

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ABSTRACt. Historical and current data sets are used to trace the time married women and men spend caring for their own children on a daily basis. The data are also used to estimate the total time parents spend in raising two children to the age of 18. The analysis is restricted to primary child care time; i.e., the actual, direct administration of personal care, including physical care (feeding, bathin~ dressing, putting to bed) and such other direct personal care as teaching, chauffering, supervising, counseling, managing, training , amusing, and entertaining. Secondary parental child care time is not studied. Although white married women spent about .56 hours per day per child in primary child care in the 1924-1931 period, by 1981, the time had decreased to about 1.00 hour per day per child. Married men spent 0.25 hours per day per child in 1975, the first year for which national data exists. By 1981, this figure had increased to 0.33 hours per day per child. Raising two children to age 18 required about 5,789 hours of a white, employed, married woman's time and 14,053 hours of a white, unemployed, married woman's time in 1981. Husbands of white, employed married women spent about 1,500 more hours in raising two children to age 18 than the husbands of white, unemployed married women.

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“…When individuals experience an increase in the amount of time spent doing productive work, they spend less time doing leisure-oriented activities (Zick and McCullough 1991). Huston et al (1999) and Shin (2004) used the displacement hypothesis to explain how children's television viewing may affect other activities.…”

Section: Reviewing Gender Differences In Leisure Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Gaming, Gender, and Time: Who Makes Time to Play?

2009

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This study of 276 US undergraduate students from a large Midwestern university provides the first research evidence of a relationship between leisure time availability and how much digital games are played. College students with less free time were less likely to spend time playing games. The findings suggest one reason women play fewer games than men is because they are required to fulfill more obligatory activities, leaving them less available leisure time, which in turn makes them less likely to "make" time for games. It was found that not only do women report having less free time than men, but their free time is available in smaller chunks, and they play digital games for shorter periods of time than men.

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Trends in married couples' time use: Evidence from 1977?78 and 1987?88

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Productive Activity in Later Life

Productive Activity in Later Life

Are we investing less in the next generation? Historical trends in time spent caring for children

Gaming, Gender, and Time: Who Makes Time to Play?

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