Trends in Mineral Supplement Prescriptions From Military Treatment Facilities: 2007 to 2011

Attipoe, Selasi; Jones, Donnamaria; Olsen, Cara; Stephens, Mark B.; Deuster, Patricia A.

doi:10.7205/milmed-d-14-00510

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Another study [ 16 ] noted a dramatic decline in the use of zinc preparations among male users of military pharmacies over a 5-year period from 2007 to 2011. That study [ 16 ] combined active duty Navy and Marine Corps personnel as well as Navy and Marine dependents for the purposes of analysis. The present study found the decline occurred primarily in young, active duty Marine Corps personnel, with Navy personnel showing little change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic factors associated with dietary supplement prescriptions filled by United States Military Service Members 2005–2013

Knapik

Jean

Austin

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundDietary supplements (DSs) can be purchased over-the-counter but may also be prescribed by medical personnel for specific therapeutic reasons. Few studies have examined this latter source of DSs despite the fact that 79% of physicians and 82% of nurses have recommended DSs to their patients. This investigation examined demographic factors associated with temporal trends in oral DS prescriptions filled by all United States (US) service members (SMs) from 2005 to 2013 (n = 1,427,080 ± 22,139, mean ± standard deviation per year).MethodsThe Food and Drug Administration National Drug Code database and the formularies of the US Defense Health Agency’s Pharmacoeconomic Center were queried to identify DSs available to SMs. The number of these DS prescriptions filled by all SMs from 2005 through 2013 was then obtained from the US Department of Defense Pharmacy Data Transaction System. Data were grouped by American Hospital Formulary System (AHFS) pharmacologic-therapeutic classifications and examined over time. Denominators (number of SMs each year) were obtained from the Defense Health Agency.ResultsMajor findings included 1) generally greater prevalence of prescriptions filled by women and older SMs for most AHFS categories; 2) a temporal decline in total prescriptions filled by Marine Corps personnel accounted for by a decline in the prevalence of zinc preparations filled by younger male Marines; 3) a temporal decline in the prevalence of iron preparations filled by women; 4) a temporal increase in the prevalence of prescriptions for replacement preparations filled by women accounted for largely by more prescriptions for calcium compounds; and 5) a temporal decline in the prevalence of prescriptions filled for cathartics/laxatives in older SMs accounted for largely by a decline in prescriptions for sodium/potassium compounds.ConclusionsThese temporal trends may be associated with the greater health care utilization of women and older SMs as well as the perceptions of prescribers and/or patients on appropriate roles of these substances in medicine and public health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic factors associated with dietary supplement prescriptions filled by United States Military Service Members 2005–2013

Knapik

Jean

Austin

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…Despite highly successful efforts to improve nutrition in the US Armed Forces (1)(2)(3)(4) , mineral deficiencies can still be found among some US military service members (SM) and are also present in some of the civilian populations (5,6) . Prescriptions ordered by military health care providers for several mineral preparations increased from 2005 to 2013 and differed by specific demographic groups (7)(8)(9) , suggesting that military health care providers determined that mineral supplementation was important to maintain the health of some SM. One mineral of concern in SM is iron, a critical micronutrient incorporated into proteins and enzymes that is important for physical, cognitive and immune functioning (10,11) and is deficient in significant numbers of SM (12,13) and many civilians especially women of childbearing age (5) .…”

Section: Military Personnel Mineral Deficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies and disorders in the entire population of US military service members from 1997 to 2015

Knapik

Farina

Fulgoni

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Iron and/or iodine deficiencies can have multiple serious adverse health outcomes, but examination of incidence rates of these deficiencies have rarely been conducted in any large population. This study examined incidence rates, temporal trends, and demographic factors associated with medically-diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies/disorders in United States (US) military service members (SMs). Design: The Defense Medical Epidemiological Database (DMED) was queried for medical visits of active duty SMs to obtain specific International Classification of Diseases, Version 9, codes involving clinically-diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies/disorders. Setting: Analysis of existing database (DMED). Participants: Entire population of US military service members from 1997 to 2015 (average N per yr=1,382,266, 15% women). Results: Overall incidence rates for iron and iodine were 104 and 36 cases/100,000 person-years, respectively. Over the 19-year period, rates for iron disorders increased steadily (108% for men, 177% for women). Rates for iodine disorders also increased steadily for men (91%), but for women there was an initial rise followed by a later decline. Overall, women’s rates were 12 and 10 times higher than men’s for iron and iodine, respectively. Compared to whites, blacks and those of other races had higher rates of deficiencies of both minerals. Incidence rates for iodine deficiency increased substantially with age. Conclusion: The overall incidence of clinically-diagnosed iron and iodine deficiency among SMs was low, but increased over the 19 years examined and certain demographic groups were at significantly greater risk. Given the unexpected increases in incidence of these mineral disorders increased surveillance may be appropriate.

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Temporal trends in dietary supplement prescriptions of United States military service members suggest a decrease in pyridoxine and increase in vitamin D supplements from 2005 to 2013

et al. 2016

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Dietary supplements (DSs) can be obtained over-the-counter but can also be prescribed by health-care providers for therapeutic reasons. Few studies have documented this later source despite the fact that 79% of physicians and 82% of nurses have recommended DSs to patients. This investigation assessed prevalence and temporal trends in oral DS prescriptions filled by all United States service members (SMs) from 2005 to 2013 (n = 1 427 080 ± 22 139, mean ± standard deviation (SD)/y). We hypothesize that there would be temporal variations in specific types of DSs. Data obtained from Department of Defense Pharmacy Data Transaction System were grouped by American Hospital Formulary System pharmacologic-therapeutic classifications and prevalence examined over time. About 11% of SMs filled one or more DS prescriptions of 235 180 ± 4926 (mean ± SD) prescriptions/y over the 9-year period. Curve-fitting techniques indicated significant linear declines over time for multivitamins (P = .004), iron preparations (P < .001), antacids (P < .001), and vitamin B and B complex vitamins (P < .001). There were significant quadratic trends indicating a rise in early years followed by a leveling off in later years for replacement preparations (P < .001) and vitamin C (P < .001). There were significant quadratic trends (P < .001) for vitamin E indicating a decline in early years and leveling off in later years, and vitamin D indicating little change in early years followed by a large rise subsequently (P < .001). This study identified temporal trends in specific DS categories that may be associated with changing perceptions of prescribers and/or patients of the appropriate roles of DSs in medicine and public health.

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Trends in Mineral Supplement Prescriptions From Military Treatment Facilities: 2007 to 2011

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Demographic factors associated with dietary supplement prescriptions filled by United States Military Service Members 2005–2013

Demographic factors associated with dietary supplement prescriptions filled by United States Military Service Members 2005–2013

Clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies and disorders in the entire population of US military service members from 1997 to 2015

Temporal trends in dietary supplement prescriptions of United States military service members suggest a decrease in pyridoxine and increase in vitamin D supplements from 2005 to 2013

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