Trends in non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) development

Abstract

The transition towards safer and more sustainable production of polymers has led to a growing body of academic research into non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) as potential replacements for conventional, isocyanate-based polyurethane...

Hybrid Nonisocyanate Polyurethanes (H‐NIPUs): A Pathway towards a Broad Range of Novel Materials

“…A review from Sardon and co‐workers has also been published in 2021 summarizing the trends in NIPU development, and the different challenges yet to overcome for NIPUs to reach commercialization with respect to the targeted applications. [ 27 ] The same group reviewed the use of NIPs for adhesives and coatings. [ 28 ]…”

Cycloaddition of di-substituted epoxides and CO2under ambient conditions catalysed by rare-earth poly(phenolate) complexes

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In addition to their application as aprotic solvents, cyclic carbonates have also found application as synthetic intermediates. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Di-and polyfunctional cyclic carbonates are intermediates for the preparation of nonisocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs), eliminating the need for the use of highly toxic isocyanates or phosgene. 9,10 Hydrogenation of cyclic carbonates generates methanol and diols, [11][12][13] and deprotection of 1,2-disubstituted cyclic carbonates gives access to cyclic cis-diols, which are key structural motifs of various natural compounds.…”

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Di-and polyfunctional cyclic carbonates are intermediates for the preparation of nonisocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs), eliminating the need for the use of highly toxic isocyanates or phosgene. 9,10 Hydrogenation of cyclic carbonates generates methanol and diols, [11][12][13] and deprotection of 1,2-disubstituted cyclic carbonates gives access to cyclic cis-diols, which are key structural motifs of various natural compounds. 14 Therefore, the synthesis of cyclic carbonates, especially di-substituted cyclic carbonates, is attracting intensive interests.…”

Sustainable Synthesis of Non‐Isocyanate Polyurethanes Based on Renewable 2,3‐Butanediol

“…[11] Nowadays, many different synthetic routes are already well-known, often focusing on using cyclic carbonates and amines obtained from biobased resources. [12] Cyclic carbonates show a lower toxicity (i.e., ethylene carbonate: LD 50 , oral, rat, >10 g kg −1 ) compared to industrially used isocyanates (i.e., hexamethylene diisocyanate: LD 50 , oral, rat, <960 mg kg −1 methyl isocyanate). [6,13] However, lower reactivity in comparison to isocyanates often requires the use of catalysts.…”