Trends in Obesity and Extreme Obesity Among US Adults

Main, Michael L.; Rao, Seshu C.; O’Keefe, James H.

doi:10.1001/jama.2010.517

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The prevalence of obesity has doubled in the past 20 years in Australia, the United States, and other Western countries [8, 9] and it is estimated that over 50% of women in the Western world enter pregnancy either overweight or obese [10]. Maternal obesity is associated with a myriad of adverse pregnancy outcomes including congenital malformations, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, macrosomia and birth weight above the 90 th centile [11, 12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Fat Feeding Augments Offspring Nephron Endowment in Mice

et al. 2016

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Increasing consumption of a high fat 'Western' diet has led to a growing number of pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity. Maternal overnutrition and obesity have health implications for offspring, yet little is known about their effects on offspring kidney development and renal function. Female C57Bl6 mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD, 21% fat) or matched normal fat diet (NFD, 6% fat) for 6 weeks prior to pregnancy and throughout gestation and lactation. HFD dams were overweight and glucose intolerant prior to mating but not in late gestation. Offspring of NFD and HFD dams had similar body weights at embryonic day (E)15.5, E18.5 and at postnatal day (PN)21. HFD offspring had normal ureteric tree development and nephron number at E15.5. However, using unbiased stereology, kidneys of HFD offspring were found to have 20–25% more nephrons than offspring of NFD dams at E18.5 and PN21. Offspring of HFD dams with body weight and glucose profiles similar to NFD dams prior to pregnancy also had an elevated nephron endowment. At 9 months of age, adult offspring of HFD dams displayed mild fasting hyperglycaemia but similar body weights to NFD offspring. Renal function and morphology, measured by transcutaneous clearance of FITC-sinistrin and stereology respectively, were normal. This study demonstrates that maternal fat feeding augments offspring nephron endowment with no long-term consequences for offspring renal health. Future studies assessing the effects of a chronic stressor on adult mice with augmented nephron number are warranted, as are studies investigating the molecular mechanisms that result in high nephron endowment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Fat Feeding Augments Offspring Nephron Endowment in Mice

et al. 2016

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“…Aminoglycosides have a higher incidence of nephrotoxicity in obesity (4). As obesity has become more prevalent, with currently more than 36% of the U.S. population obese, the overall risk of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity may increase (5,6). A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity could help to design efficient protective strategies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Cation Transporter 2 Overexpression May Confer an Increased Risk of Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity

Gai

Visentin

Hiller

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Our results hence demonstrate that differentiation of adipocytes can be enhanced by sustained stretching, which activates the MEK signaling pathway. mechanotransduction; obesity; tensile strain; 3T3-L1 preadipocytes; differentiation OBESITY IS ONE OF THE MAJOR preventable causes of morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is rising in adults as well as in children (16,29,53). There are numerous reports in the literature regarding the contribution of obesity to the risks for developing type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia (29, 51); this motivates research regarding the etiology of obesity, which, at a cell scale, importantly involves characterization of specific stimuli that promote synthesis of cytosolic lipids.…”

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confidence: 99%

Static mechanical stretching accelerates lipid production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating the MEK signaling pathway

Shoham¹,

Gottlieb²,

Sharabani-Yosef³

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Understanding mechanotransduction in adipocytes is important for research of obesity and related diseases. We cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes on elastic substrata and applied static tensile strains of 12% to the substrata while inducing differentiation. Using an image processing method, we monitored lipid production for a period of 3-4 wk. The ratio of %-lipid area per field of view (FOV) in the stretched over nonstretched cultures was significantly greater than unity (P < 0.05), reaching ∼1.8 on average starting from experimental day ∼10. The superior coverage of the FOV by lipids in the stretched cultures was due to significantly greater sizes of lipid droplets (LDs) with respect to nonstretched cultures, starting from experimental day ∼10 (P < 0.05), and due to significantly more LDs per cell between days ∼10 and ∼17 (P < 0.05). The statically stretched cells also differentiated significantly faster than the nonstretched cells within the first ∼10 days (P < 0.05). Adding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) antagonist did not change these trends, as the %-lipid area per FOV in the stretched cultures that received this treatment was still significantly greater than in the nonstretched cultures without the PPARγ antagonist (14.44 ± 1.96% vs. 10.21 ± 3%; P < 0.05). Hence, the accelerated adipogenesis in the stretched cultures was not mediated through PPARγ. Nonetheless, inhibiting the MEK/MAPK signaling pathway reduced the extent of adipogenesis in the stretched cultures (13.53 ± 5.63%), bringing it to the baseline level of the nonstretched cultures without the MEK inhibitor (10.21 ± 3.07%). Our results hence demonstrate that differentiation of adipocytes can be enhanced by sustained stretching, which activates the MEK signaling pathway.

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Trends in Obesity and Extreme Obesity Among US Adults

Cited by 29 publications

References 2 publications

Maternal Fat Feeding Augments Offspring Nephron Endowment in Mice

Maternal Fat Feeding Augments Offspring Nephron Endowment in Mice

Organic Cation Transporter 2 Overexpression May Confer an Increased Risk of Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity

Static mechanical stretching accelerates lipid production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating the MEK signaling pathway

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