Trends in physical fitness, growth, and nutritional status of Chinese children and adolescents: a retrospective analysis of 1·5 million students from six successive national surveys between 1985 and 2014

Dong, Yanhui; Lau, Patrick W.C.; Dong, Bin; Zou, Zhiyong; Yang, Yide; Wen, Bo; Ma, Yong; Hu, Peijin; Song, Yi; Ma, Jun; Sawyer, Susan Μ; Patton, George C

doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30302-5

Cited by 132 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…To overcome difficulties during comparisons caused by the different units and sexes, sex-specific and age-specific standardized values for each core item were calculated using the 1985 survey year dataset as the reference population. The PFI was then obtained by combining Z-scores of the six core items, to assess physical fitness at both individual and population levels [12,21]. It should be noted that Z-scores for the 50-m dash and endurance run were reversed because lower times reflect better performance in these two tests.…”

Section: Growth and Nutritional Status And Physical Fitness Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Secular Trend in the Physical Fitness of Xinjiang Children and Adolescents between 1985 and 2014

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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We assessed trends in physical fitness by age group and nutrition status among children and adolescents in Xinjiang during 1985–2014. The data of 49,357 participants aged 7–18 were extracted in 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2014. Growth and nutritional status were defined using World Health Organization definitions. A physical fitness indicator (PFI) was calculated as the sum of six components measured in every survey. The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and PFI was investigated using nonlinear regression. Taking 1985 as a reference, PFI increased to 2 in 1995 and then fell sharply to −2.8 in 2005 and −3.8 in 2014. The prevalence of normal weight increased from 87.5% in 1985 to 89.4% in 1995 and then decreased to 75.2%, consistent with the change in PFI. The relationship between BMI and PFI showed an inverted U-shaped curve. The largest increment occurred in boys aged 13–15 and girls aged 16–18 during 1985–1995; the largest decline occurred in boys and girls aged 10–12 during 1995–2005. Our research provides a reference for local governments providing nutrition subsidies and projects in southern Xinjiang, indicating that greater attention is needed for children aged 7–12.

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Section: Growth and Nutritional Status And Physical Fitness Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Secular Trend in the Physical Fitness of Xinjiang Children and Adolescents between 1985 and 2014

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…This study is one of a modest number of efforts to explore multiple measures of physical activity and performance in Chinese children and families [ 12 , 18 , 21 , 43 , 44 ]. As far as we can tell, it is the first such study to describe rural and urban differences in mother–child dyads in China with respect to multiple PA measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in 1985, less than 1% of Chinese youth in Shandong province had obesity but, by 2014, 17% of boys and 9% of girls had obesity based on the Working Group on Obesity in China cutpoints [ 17 , 18 ]. Based on self-reports, levels of physical activity are also decreasing or remaining largely unchanged in China [ 19 , 20 ] with substantial declines in physical fitness since 1995, especially in urban areas [ 21 ]. Growing evidence from studies set in China connects obesity and diverse health outcomes including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity, Step Counts, and Grip Strength in the Chinese Children and Families Cohort Study

Berrigan

Liu

Belcher

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Objectives: This paper describes the development of a physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) designed for Chinese adolescents and their mothers in urban and rural settings, and reports on results of the PAQ, pedometry, and hand grip dynamometry from the Chinese Children and Families Cohort Study pilot investigation (CFCS). Methods: As part of a pilot investigation to evaluate the feasibility to follow-up and obtain detailed nutrition, dietary, physical activity, and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) data from CFCS participants, data were collected in 2013 for 93 adolescent/mother pairs from a rural (n = 41) and an urban site (n = 52) in two provinces. Respondents were asked to wear a pedometer for seven days (Omron HJ-151), use a Takei Digital Grip Strength Dynamometer on (each hand; three trials; two separate days), and complete a 39 item, eight domain PAQ covering the past year. Self-reported physical activity (PA) was linked to metabolic equivalent of task (MET) scores in kcal/kg/hr and used to calculate METs for different domains of PA and intensity categories. Results: Compliance was high (95%) in this measurement protocol administered by health staff during a series of data collection efforts at home and local clinics or health centers. Step counts were highly variable, averaging between 5000 and 10000 per day with somewhat higher step counts in rural adolescent boys. Maximum grip strength (Kgs) was greater in children (Mean = 36.5, SE = 0.8) than mothers (Mean = 28.8, SE = 0.8) and similar in the urban (Mean = 29.6, SE = 0.6) compared to the rural (Mean = 29.6, SE = 0.5) communities overall. Grip strength, step counts, and measures of time spent in different activities or activity intensities were uncorrelated. Conclusion: Device and question-based measurement of PA and strength were readily accepted in these Chinese urban and rural populations. The PAQ on physical activity in the past year produced some plausible population averages, but individual responses suggested recall challenges. If data about specific activities are required, future studies should explore use of standardized survey questions concerning such fewer specific activities or instruments examining shorter time periods such as one, three, or seven day recalls.

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“…Currently, pediatric obesity is a tragic evolution of the individual, and the use of social media and videogames have worsened the inactivity of youth worldwide. Obesity, which results from a positive energy balance, may represent an inexorable health problem, particularly in Western countries, but Asian countries, including China, have shown an increased rate in the last decade (Dong et al, 2019;Butler et al, 2019). Many children and youth wish to use one solution, and de-tox teas, as well as chemical compounds, are continually popping up in magazines and social media as well as in teenager events (Floyd, 2009;Cline, 2015).…”

Section: Nutraceutical Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Toxicity in Children: A Potential and Current Toxicological Event in the Differential Diagnosis With Virus-Triggered Fulminant Hepatic Failure

Sergi

2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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The use of nutraceuticals is considerably increasing worldwide with a demand for organic and clean foods in the last two decades, which is probably incomparable with other periods of our civilization. The consistent application of nutraceuticals and so-called "superfood" may have remarkable effects on the prevention of several chronic diseases, including cancer. Moreover, the increased rate of overweight and obesity in Western countries does not spare childhood and youth, and the number of parents using natural remedies for preventing pediatric illness is vastly increasing worldwide. However, the overwhelming effects on diseases often overshadow the side effects of such nutrition, particularly in societies without millennial experience with botanicals and natural elements. Thus, the final result may be disastrous for some individuals. The liver is the most important and conspicuous target organ of numerous molecular compounds, and the cell damage is particularly striking on the infantile and pediatric liver due to the immaturity of the hepatocytes. Here, we target some generic data on fulminant hepatic failure, the benefits, and toxicity of epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which is one of the major components of green tea, and the histopathology of the "green-tea"-associated liver disease.

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Trends in physical fitness, growth, and nutritional status of Chinese children and adolescents: a retrospective analysis of 1·5 million students from six successive national surveys between 1985 and 2014

Cited by 132 publications

References 38 publications

Secular Trend in the Physical Fitness of Xinjiang Children and Adolescents between 1985 and 2014

Secular Trend in the Physical Fitness of Xinjiang Children and Adolescents between 1985 and 2014

Physical Activity, Step Counts, and Grip Strength in the Chinese Children and Families Cohort Study

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Toxicity in Children: A Potential and Current Toxicological Event in the Differential Diagnosis With Virus-Triggered Fulminant Hepatic Failure

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