Trends in Postpartum Depressive Symptoms — 27 States, 2004, 2008, and 2012

Ko, Jean Y.; Rockhill, Karilynn; Tong, Van T.; Morrow, Brian; Farr, Sherry L.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6606a1

Cited by 284 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…13–15 It is the most prevalent maternal health condition associated with pregnancy, affecting one in nine new mothers. 16 Prevalence of postpartum depression among adolescent mothers is particularly high ranging from 8 to 47%. 17 This may be due to a tendency for adolescent mothers to experience greater social isolation and decreased parental confidence, compared to adult mothers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: Gestational Weight Gain as a Risk Factor for Adolescents Who Are Overweight or Obese

Cunningham¹,

Mokshagundam²,

Chai³

et al. 2018

J Midwife Womens Health

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: Gestational Weight Gain as a Risk Factor for Adolescents Who Are Overweight or Obese

Cunningham¹,

Mokshagundam²,

Chai³

et al. 2018

J Midwife Womens Health

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“…P erinatal depression is a common condition that was estimated in 2012 to affect more than 180 000 new mothers (11.5%) annually in the United States and that can have a devastating effect on the mother as well as the infant. 1 Perinatal depression is defined as the occurrence of a major or minor depressive episode during pregnancy or up to 1 year after childbirth. 2 In addition to the typical symptoms of depressive disorders (eg, feeling hopeless, loss of interest in activities that used to be enjoyed, withdrawing from friends and family), other symptoms in the perinatal period may include persistent doubt of the ability to take care of the infant, trouble bonding with the infant, and thoughts of selfharm or harm of the infant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression

O’Connor

Senger

Henninger

et al. 2019

JAMA

232

126

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IMPORTANCE Depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period is relatively common and can have adverse effects on both mother and child. OBJECTIVE To systematically review benefits and harms of primary care-relevant interventions to prevent perinatal depression, a major or minor depressive episode during pregnancy or up to 1 year after childbirth, to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PubMED (for publisher-supplied records only), PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; surveillance through December 5, 2018. STUDY SELECTION Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized controlled intervention studies of interventions (eg, behavior-based, antidepressants, dietary supplements) to prevent perinatal depression in general populations of pregnant and postpartum individuals or in those at increased risk of perinatal depression. Large cohort studies were considered for harms of antidepressant use only. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two investigators independently reviewed abstracts and full-text articles and quality rated included studies. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the benefits of the interventions. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Depression status; depression symptoms; maternal, infant, and child health outcomes. RESULTS Fifty studies (N = 22 385) that met inclusion criteria were identified. Counseling interventions were the most widely studied interventions. Compared with controls, counseling interventions were associated with a lower likelihood of onset of perinatal depression (pooled risk ratio [RR], 0.61 [95% CI, 0.47-0.78]; 17 RCTs [n = 3094]; I 2 = 39.0%).The absolute difference in the risk of perinatal depression ranged from 1.3% greater reduction in the control group to 31.8% greater reduction in the intervention group. Health system interventions showed a benefit in 3 studies (n = 5321) and had a pooled effect size similar to that of the counseling interventions, but the pooled effect was not statistically significant using a method appropriate for pooling a small number of studies (restricted maximum likelihood RR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.22-1.53]; n = 4738; I 2 = 66.3%; absolute risk reduction range, −3.1% to −13.1%). None of the behavior-based interventions reported on harms directly. A smaller percentage of participants prescribed sertraline had a depression recurrence compared with those prescribed placebo (7% vs 50%, P = .04) at 20 weeks postpartum in 1 very small RCT (n = 22 analyzed) but with an increased risk of adverse effects to the mother. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Counseling interventions can be effective in preventing perinatal depression, although most evidence was limited to women at increased risk for perinatal depression. A variety of other intervention approaches provided some evidence of effectiveness but lacked a robust evidence base and need further research.

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“…While the percentage of new mothers suffering from postpartum depressive symptoms has decreased during the year [20], it is estimated that 60% of mothers with depressive symptoms receive no treatment or a clinical diagnosis [21]. Accordingly to Ko et al [21], common treatment barriers are to be found in mothers' opposition to the treatment and concerns about social stigma as well as problems related to the cost of the treatments, possible transportation or time limitations, and lack of knowledge about where to find treatment and about the importance of this mental illness.…”

Section: Postpartum Depression Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Mothers’ Postpartum Depression From Their Infants’ Cry Vocalizations

Gabrieli

Bornstein

Manian

et al. 2020

Behavioral Sciences

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Postpartum Depression (PPD), a condition that affects up to 15% of mothers in high-income countries, reduces attention to the needs of the child and is among the first causes of infanticide. PPD is usually identified using self-report measures and therefore it is possible that mothers are unwilling to report PPD because of a social desirability bias. Previous studies have highlighted the presence of significant differences in the acoustical properties of the vocalizations of infants of depressed and healthy mothers, suggesting that the mothers’ behavior can induce changes in infants’ vocalizations. In this study, cry episodes of infants (N = 56, 157.4 days ± 8.5, 62% firstborn) of depressed (N = 29) and non-depressed (N = 27) mothers (mean age = 31.1 years ± 3.9) are analyzed to investigate the possibility that a cloud-based machine learning model can identify PPD in mothers from the acoustical properties of their infants’ vocalizations. Acoustic features (fundamental frequency, first four formants, and intensity) are first extracted from recordings of crying infants, then cloud-based artificial intelligence models are employed to identify maternal depression versus non-depression from estimated features. The trained model shows that commonly adopted acoustical features can be successfully used to identify postpartum depressed mothers with high accuracy (89.5%).

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Trends in Postpartum Depressive Symptoms — 27 States, 2004, 2008, and 2012

Cited by 284 publications

References 9 publications

Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: Gestational Weight Gain as a Risk Factor for Adolescents Who Are Overweight or Obese

Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: Gestational Weight Gain as a Risk Factor for Adolescents Who Are Overweight or Obese

Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression

Assessing Mothers’ Postpartum Depression From Their Infants’ Cry Vocalizations

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