Trends in Prevalence Cases and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years of Parkinson’s Disease: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Abstract

Background: Parkinson's disease is a common, age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder with considerable socioeconomic burdens, although the studies in incremental burdens to the disease' rapid growth are incomplete and lag behind. We aim to assess global burdens of Parkinson's disease based on a public database online. Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, we screened a range of indicators including prevalence cases, disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR) and age-standardized DALY (ASDR). The Join point regression was used to assess the indicators, wherein the ASPR and the ASDR were referred to temporal trends for burdens of Parkinson's disease. Results: Prevalence cases of global Parkinson's disease were on the rise for 30 years, with an increase of 155.51% during 1990–2019. Temporal trend of ASDRs was on the rise during 1990–2002 but in decline during 2002–2019. The ASPRs had a turning point in 2017 and a decline during 2017–2019 (APC (annual percentage changes) =−0.51%, P > 0.05). China, India, the United States, Japan and Germany shared the five highest prevalence cases and DALYs in 2019. Socio-demographic Index (SDI) was in relation to a significantly positive ASPR (R=0.61, P < 0.001) but not a significantly negative ASDR (R=−0.044, P=0.53), respectively. Conclusions: In this study, a range of indicators for global burdens of Parkinson's disease were on the rise during 1990–2019. Tremendous efforts should be in place to prevent Parkinson's disease, especially among the populations of males, with advanced ages, in East Asia, and in regions with high SDI.

Global Epidemiology of Movement Disorders: Rare or Underdiagnosed?

“…There are an estimated 1 million cases of PD reported in Sub-Saharan Africa and the MENA regions. 19 However, prevalence rates (per total population) are still lower than in other regions. This may at least in part be due to missed diagnoses, given limited access to neurologists in these regions.…”

“…66,67 In comparison, as previously noted, the global pooled prevalence of PD is approximately 106 per 100,000. 19 Individuals living with atypical parkinsonism exhibit many of the clinical signs of parkinsonism seen in PD (bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, and tremor), but they usually exhibit additional clinical findings to suggest an alternative diagnosis to PD. Clinical findings consistent with PSP include oculomotor abnormalities and early falls, while in the case of MSA, patients often have severe early autonomic dysfunction.…”

“…From a global perspective, the prevalence of PD is increasing in all regions, notably in Asia ( Table 1 ) and especially in China. 19 20…”

“…Prevalence there rose from 825,000 in 1990 to 2.9 million in 2019 (increasing from 107 per 100,000 to 145 per 100,000 people). 19 The prevalence of PD in Western Europe has also increased significantly, although to a lesser degree than in East Asia, with reported prevalence increasing from 729,000 to 1.24 million from 1990 to 2019 (increasing from 119 per 100,000 to 126 per 100,000 people). In the United States, the prevalence of PD is estimated to have risen from 680,000 to 930,000 from 2010 to 2020, with projected estimates of 1,238,000 by 2030.…”

“…66 67 In comparison, as previously noted, the global pooled prevalence of PD is approximately 106 per 100,000. 19…”