Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objective We aimed to investigate the longitudinal trends in prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in Korean adults and hypertriglyceridemia-associated lifestyle habits, socioeconomic factors and comorbidities. Methods Data from the 2007–2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used in this study. Two cutoff values (≥150 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL) for fasting serum triglyceride levels were used to estimate the age- and sex-specific prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. Use of lipid-lowering medications, lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and regular exercise, socioeconomic variables such as educational attainment and household income, and comorbidities such as obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were also investigated. Results The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia among Koreans based on KNHANES 2007–2020 was 29.6% at ≥150 mg/dL and 16.1% at ≥200 mg/dL. While the rate of using lipid-lowering medications increased steadily from 2007 to 2020, changes in annual prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia were subtle. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in men peaked in middle age (47.7% and 30.0% for ≥150 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL, respectively, in their 40s), but its prevalence in women increased throughout their lifetime (32.6% and 14.7% for ≥150 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL, respectively, in their 70s). Smoking and high-risk drinking exacerbated peak prevalence in both sexes. Young adults with any comorbidities had prominently increased prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. The lowest levels of education and income were both associated with the higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in both sexes. Conclusion It is important to understand the age- and sex-specific epidemiology of hypertriglyceridemia to establish its appropriate management plans.

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“…Although this effect seems rather moderate, it is similar in magnitude to the annual progression rates of mean CAL (0.02 mm/year) (Gatke et al, 2012). However, since previous studies had assumed that hypertriglyceridaemia peaks in middle age for men and increases throughout lifetime for women (Park et al, 2023), these effects may accumulate over time and be of greater clinical relevance in ageing societies.…”

Epigenetic age acceleration is associated with blood lipid levels in a multi-ancestry sample of older U.S. adults

“…Finally, the associations between higher DunedinPACE and both lower HDL-C and higher TG were both stronger among those with a higher educational attainment. Studies also consistently reported that greater educational attainment and high levels of socioeconomic status are associated with elevated HDL-C levels [ 62 – 64 ], lower prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia [ 65 ], and lower epigenetic age [ 66 , 67 ]. Moreover, epigenetic age acceleration has been inversely associated with HDL-C and positively associated with TG levels [ 44 , 68 ].…”

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“…HTG has been overlooked for the last few decades because the focus of risk reduction was lowering of blood cholesterol (1,2). HTG has more recently been correlated with the incidence of stroke (3,4,5).…”