Trends in prevalence of soil‐transmitted helminth and major intestinal protozoan infections among school‐aged children in Nepal

Kunwar, Ritu; Acharya, Lokendra; Karki, Surendra

doi:10.1111/tmi.12700

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In particular, soil-transmitted helminths ( Ascaris lumbricoides , whipworm ( Trichuris trichiura ) and hookworm) causing the “neglected infections of poverty” have a relevant health-risk impact on humans and animals [1–5]. Nevertheless, gastrointestinal parasites of canids constitute another source of human and livestock infection mainly due to environmental contamination with faeces containing infective parasitic forms (eggs, larvae or oocysts) [6–8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal parasites of canids, a latent risk to human health in Tunisia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAlthough data on the parasite environmental contamination are crucial to implement strategies for control and treatment, information about zoonotic helminths is very limited in Tunisia. Contamination of areas with canid faeces harboring infective parasite elements represents a relevant health-risk impact for humans. The aim of this study was to assess the environmental contamination with eggs and oocysts of gastrointestinal parasites of dogs and wild canids in Tunisia with special attention to those that can be transmitted to humans.ResultsOne thousand two hundred and seventy faecal samples from stray dogs and 104 from wild canids (red foxes and golden jackals) were collected from different geographical regions throughout Tunisia. The helminth eggs and protozoan oocysts were concentrated by sucrose flotation and identified by microscopic examination. The most frequently observed parasites in dog samples were Toxocara spp. (27.2%), E. granulosus (25.8%), and Coccidia (13.1%). For wild canid faeces, the most commonly encountered parasites were Toxocara spp. (16.3%) followed by Capillaria spp. (9.6%). The parasite contamination of dog faeces varied significantly from one region to another in function of the climate.ConclusionTo our knowledge, the study highlights for the first time in Tunisia a serious environmental contamination by numerous parasitic stages infective to humans. Efforts should be made to increase the awareness of the contamination risk of such parasites in the environment and implement a targeted educational program.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal parasites of canids, a latent risk to human health in Tunisia

et al. 2017

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“…Vaccine-preventable diseases such as diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, polio, measles, and mumps have shown sharp decline. In addition, waterborne and food-borne infectious diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid (enteric) fever, hepatitis (A and E), and intestinal parasitic infections particularly the soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are also decreasing [10,15].…”

Section: Infectious Diseases In the Pastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E. histolytica is implicated also in dysentery. Though intestinal helminth parasite has been declined significantly, prevalence of protozoan parasites (E. histolytica and G. lamblia), remained stable over the time, with higher prevalence of G. lamblia in urban areas [15]. Up to 43% of water samples tested in Kathmandu Valley have shown Giardia cysts suggesting that most of the infection occurs due to drinking of contaminated water [21].…”

Section: Diarrheal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Trend of Infectious Diseases in Nepal

Kumar

2018

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Many infectious/communicable diseases (IDs) are endemic in Nepal. Until a decade and half ago, IDs were the major cause of both morbidity and mortality accounting 70% for both. However, as a result of various preventive measures implemented by both the state and non-state actors, the overall IDs have shown a changing (declining) trend. The most impressive decline has been seen in the intestinal helminth infection. Though the overall burden of IDs is decreasing, several newer infectious diseases (emerging infections) namely, dengue fever, scrub typhus, influenza (H5N1 and H1N1), and others are posing a great public health problem. On the other hand, though sporadic, outbreaks of endemic diseases together with HIV-TB coinfection and infection with drug resistance microbes during recent years have constituted a serious public health as well as medical problem. On the contrary, with the decline of IDs, noninfectious diseases (noncommunicable disease, NCD) namely, diabetes, cancer (and cancer therapy), and others are on the rise particularly in urban areas. Hence, currently Nepal is trapped in "double burden" of diseases. Risk of opportunistic infection has increased in immunocompromised person with NCD. To address the present situation, the multi-sectoral plan and strategies developed must be implemented effectively.

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“…Nepal is not an exception. Only a handful of studies are available focusing on particular health issues of school students [18–20]. Furthermore, few studies have evaluated school health projects and their effects on students' health outcomes in Nepal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A School Health Project Can Uplift the Health Status of School Children in Nepal

et al. 2016

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BackgroundSchool health is effective in helping students achieve health literacy, enhance their health-related behaviors, and thereby improve their health status. However, in resource-limited countries, evidence is limited to show the impact of school health. We determined the association of the school health and nutrition (SHN) project activities on students’ a) health knowledge, b) hygiene practices, and c) health outcomes, one year after the project completion.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study conducted among the schools with the SHN project and without the project in four districts of Nepal. We recruited 604 students from six schools in the project group and 648 students from other six schools in the comparison group. We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect the data, and analyzed them using regression models and a structural equation model (SEM).ResultsStudents from the SHN project group reported the decreased odds of worm infestation (AOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.75) and diarrhea/ dysentery infection (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.97) compared to those in the comparison group. Furthermore, the SEM analysis also showed that the students in the project group were more likely to have better health outcomes (β = 0.03, p< 0.05).ConclusionStudents in the SHN project group were more likely to have better health outcomes compared to those in the comparison group, even after one year of the project completion. As it can bring about sustainable changes for students, it should be scaled up in other parts of the country.

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Trends in prevalence of soil‐transmitted helminth and major intestinal protozoan infections among school‐aged children in Nepal

Cited by 25 publications

References 42 publications

Gastrointestinal parasites of canids, a latent risk to human health in Tunisia

Gastrointestinal parasites of canids, a latent risk to human health in Tunisia

Changing Trend of Infectious Diseases in Nepal

A School Health Project Can Uplift the Health Status of School Children in Nepal

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