Trends in the Bacterial Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in the Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Hospitalized Patients in South India

Ullah, Mohammed Kaleem; Malamardi, Sowmya; Siddaiah, Jayaraj Biligere; Tejashree, A; Prashant, Akila; Vishwanath, Prashant; Riley, Lee W.; Madhivanan, Purnima; Mahesh, P A

doi:10.3390/antibiotics11111577

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These factors signi cantly in uenced antibiotic resistance rates. Once more, our results align with the research, providing additional support to our conclusions (34).In children with bloodstream infections, Table 9 presents the antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli. Ampicillin had the highest resistance rate at 66.7%, followed by cefotaxime at 55.6% (32).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Our results nd validation in the study conducted by Rodriguez et al, which reported comparable resistance rates for E. coli in bloodstream infections in children, bolstering the credibility of our ndings (33). Conducting a logistic regression analysis for bloodstream infections in children (Table 10), we identi ed signi cant associations between antibiotic resistance and age, admission to the ICU, duration of hospital stays, and the use of a central line (34). These factors signi cantly in uenced antibiotic resistance rates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Decoding Microbial Enigmas: Unleashing the Power of Artificial Intelligence in Analyzing Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens and their Impact on Human Health

Yousif

2023

Preprint

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In this research, medical information from 1200 patients across various hospitals in Iraq was collected over a period of 3 years, from February 3, 2018, to March 5, 2021. The study encompassed several infections, including urinary tract infections, wound infections, tonsillitis, prostatitis, endometritis, endometrial lining infections, burns infections, pneumonia, and bloodstream infections in children. Multiple bacterial pathogens were identified, and their resistance to various antibiotics was recorded. The data analysis revealed significant patterns of antibiotic resistance among the identified bacterial pathogens. Resistance was observed to several commonly used antibiotics, highlighting the emerging challenge of antimicrobial resistance in Iraq. These findings underscore the importance of implementing effective antimicrobial stewardship programs and infection control measures in healthcare settings to mitigate the spread of antibiotic-resistant infections and ensure optimal patient outcomes. This study contributes valuable insights into the prevalence and patterns of antibiotic resistance in microbial infections, which can guide healthcare practitioners and policymakers in formulating targeted interventions to combat the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance in Iraq's healthcare landscape.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Decoding Microbial Enigmas: Unleashing the Power of Artificial Intelligence in Analyzing Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens and their Impact on Human Health

Yousif

2023

Preprint

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“…, 2021 ). A study in South India has found that women had 2.89 higher odds of death compared with men, in cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (often caused by exposure to noxious particles or gases), exacerbated by antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria ( Kaleem Ullah et al. , 2022 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using intersectionality to study gender and antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries

Gautron,

Tu Thanh,

Barasa

et al. 2023

Health Policy and Planning

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Different sexes and genders experience differentiated risks of acquiring infections, including drug-resistant infections, and of becoming ill. Different genders also have different health-seeking behaviours that shape their likelihood of having access to and appropriately using and administering antimicrobials. Consequently, they are distinctly affected by antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As such, it is crucial to incorporate perspectives on sex and gender in the study of both AMR and antimicrobial use in order to present a full picture of AMR’s drivers and impact. An intersectional approach to understanding gender and AMR can display how gender and other components ‘intersect’ to shape the experiences of individuals and groups affected by AMR. However, there are insufficient data on the burden of AMR disaggregated by gender and other socio-economic characteristics, and where available, it is fragmented. For example, to date, the best estimate of the global burden of bacterial AMR published in The Lancet does not consider gender or other social stratifiers in its analysis. To address this evidence gap, we undertook a scoping review to examine how sex and gender compounded by other axes of marginalization influence one’s vulnerability and exposure to AMR as well as one’s access to and use of antimicrobials. We undertook a gendered analysis of AMR, using intersectionality as a concept to help us understand the multiple and overlapping ways in which different people experience exposure vulnerability to AMR. This approach is crucial in informing a more nuanced view of the burden and drivers of AMR. The intersectional gender lens should be taken into account in AMR surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, infection prevention and control and public and professional awareness efforts, both donor and government funded, as well as national and international policies and programmes tackling AMR such as through national action plans.

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“…MDR bacteria are commonly identified in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who experience severe acute exacerbations that require intubation and mechanical ventilation [ 27 , 28 ]. A study reported MDR infection caused higher mortality rate than drug-sensitive patients in COPD exacerbation (12%, vs. 4.7%) [ 29 ]. The effects of MDR bacterial infection on the clinical outcomes of patients with bronchiectasis require further clarification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and outcomes of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

Chang,

Huang

et al. 2024

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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Purpose Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria impose a considerable health-care burden and are associated with bronchiectasis exacerbation. This study investigated the clinical outcomes of adult patients with bronchiectasis following MDR bacterial infection. Methods From the Chang Gung Research Database, we identified patients with bronchiectasis and MDR bacterial infection from 2008 to 2017. The control group comprised patients with bronchiectasis who did not have MDR bacterial infection and were propensity-score matched at a 1:2 ratio. The main outcomes were in-hospital and 3-year mortality. Results In total, 554 patients with both bronchiectasis and MDR bacterial infection were identified. The types of MDR bacteria that most commonly affected the patients were MDR- Acinetobacter baumannii (38.6%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (18.4%), Extended-spectrum-beta-lactamases (ESBL)- Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.8%), MDR-Pseudomonas (14.8%), and ESBL-E. coli (7.5%). Compared with the control group, the MDR group exhibited lower body mass index scores, higher rate of chronic bacterial colonization, a higher rate of previous exacerbations, and an increased use of antibiotics. Furthermore, the MDR group exhibited a higher rate of respiratory failure during hospitalization (MDR vs. control, 41.3% vs. 12.4%; p < 0.001). The MDR and control groups exhibited in-hospital mortality rates of 26.7% and 7.6%, respectively (p < 0.001); 3-year respiratory failure rates of 33.5% and 13.5%, respectively (p < 0.001); and 3-year mortality rates of 73.3% and 41.5%, respectively (p < 0.001). After adjustments were made for confounding factors, the infection with MDR and MDR bacteria species were determined to be independent risk factors affecting in-hospital and 3-year mortality. Conclusions MDR bacteria were discovered in patients with more severe bronchiectasis and were independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital and 3-year mortality. Given our findings, we recommend that clinicians identify patients at risk of MDR bacterial infection and follow the principle of antimicrobial stewardship to prevent the emergence of resistant bacteria among patients with bronchiectasis.

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Trends in the Bacterial Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in the Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Hospitalized Patients in South India

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Decoding Microbial Enigmas: Unleashing the Power of Artificial Intelligence in Analyzing Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens and their Impact on Human Health

Decoding Microbial Enigmas: Unleashing the Power of Artificial Intelligence in Analyzing Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens and their Impact on Human Health

Using intersectionality to study gender and antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries

Epidemiology and outcomes of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

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