Trends in the incidence of fetal macrosomia and its phenotypes in the United States, 1971–2017

Salihu, Hamisu M.; Dongarwar, Deepa; King, Lindsey; Yusuf, Korede K; Ibrahimi, Sahra; Salinas-Miranda, Abraham

doi:10.1007/s00404-019-05400-9

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Fetal macrosomia is defined as neonatal birthweight of at least 4000 g. For this analysis, macrosomia was categorized into four levels: non‐macrosomia (2501‐3999 g), grade 1 macrosomia (4000‐4499 g), grade 2 macrosomia (4500‐4999 g), and grade 3 macrosomia (≥5000 g), as is common in the literature 2,14 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fetal macrosomia is defined as neonatal birthweight of at least 4000 g. For this analysis, macrosomia was categorized into four levels: non-macrosomia (2501-3999 g), grade 1 macrosomia (4000-4499 g), grade 2 macrosomia (4500-4999 g), and grade 3 macrosomia (≥5000 g), as is common in the literature. 2,14 Outcomes included perineal trauma (third-or fourth-degree perineal tear), postpartum hemorrhage (blood loss ≥ 1000 mL), cesarean birth (cesarean births would occur following intrapartum transfer of care to a hospital), neonatal birth injury (including skeletal fractures, peripheral nerve injury, and/or soft tissue/solid organ hemorrhage that required intervention), shoulder dystocia, neonatal respiratory distress, NICU stay of at least 24 hours, and perinatal death (including intrapartum fetal demise [stillbirth after onset of labor but before birth] and neonatal death within 28 days after live birth). All outcomes were dichotomous.…”

Section: Variable Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fetal macrosomia in home and birth center births in the United States: Maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes

Pillai

Cheyney

Everson

et al. 2020

Birth

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variable Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal macrosomia in home and birth center births in the United States: Maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes

Pillai

Cheyney

Everson

et al. 2020

Birth

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“…Although this definition is not an accurate measurement of fetal weight among fetuses experiencing intrauterine demise, we had to employ it as a proxy being the only measure of fetal weight in the existing data set. We further identified three grades of fetal macrosomia based on the recommended classification in the literature: grade 1 = 4000‐4499 g; grade 2 = 4500‐4999 g; and grade 3 = ≥5000 g. We used infants with normal birthweight (2500‐3999 g) as reference. Mother's age was categorized as follows: <20, 20‐29, 30‐39, and ≥40 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Macrosomia is defined as a birthweight ≥4000 g regardless of gestational age and constitutes 8% of all births . Well‐conducted studies have recommended that the incorporation of a three‐step definition for macrosomia is more clinically useful than a single birthweight cutoff value . Accordingly, grade 1 is considered to bear a threshold indicator for an increased risk of delivery complications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypes of fetal macrosomia and risk of stillbirth among term deliveries over the previous four decades

Salihu

Dongarwar

King

et al. 2020

Birth

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Objectives To evaluate the association between macrosomia and stillbirth over the previous four decades and to determine the consistency of the relationship. Methods This was a population‐based retrospective cohort study using United States Natality and Fetal Death Data from 1982 to 2017 and restricted to the gestational age range of 37‐41 weeks inclusive. Macrosomia was defined as birthweight ≥4000 g and subdivided into its grades as previously recommended: grade 1 (4000‐4499 g), grade 2 (4500‐4999 g), and grade 3 (≥5000 g). We calculated temporal trends of stillbirth among fetuses with macrosomia over the years using joinpoint regression. We generated odds ratios from adjusted binomial logistic regression models to examine the association between macrosomia and risk of stillbirth stratified by grades using normal‐weight infants (2500‐3999 g) as referent. Results Within the fetal macrosomia group, the rate of stillbirth declined from 2.04/1000 in 1982 to 1.05/1000 by the end of the study period (2017), representing a drop of about 48.5%. For the normal‐weight fetuses, stillbirth rate declined from 1.95/1000 to 0.83/1000, equivalent to a decline of 57.4%. Macrosomia was significantly associated with elevated risk for stillbirth: grade 2 (OR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.22‐1.32) and grade 3 (OR = 5.97; 95% CI = 5.69‐6.22). Conclusions Fetal macrosomia is a significant risk factor for fetal demise with the worst intrauterine survival observed among those classified as grade 3. Fetal macrosomia is a heterogeneous rather than a homogeneous entity in terms of risk profiles, and this needs to be considered in future policy guidelines.

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“…Especially, early development of obesity predicted obesity in adulthood, predominantly for children who were severely obese [ 199 ]. In the United States, the 2017 incidence of fetal macrosomia, defined as BW >4000 g, was 8.07% [ 200 ]. In a murine model, fetal macrosomia has been identified as an independent risk factor of the metabolic syndrome [ 201 ].…”

Section: Environmental Factors Upregulating Mir-21mentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA-21-Enriched Exosomes as Epigenetic Regulators in Melanomagenesis and Melanoma Progression: The Impact of Western Lifestyle Factors

Melnik

John

Carrera-Bastos

et al. 2020

Cancers

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DNA mutation-induced activation of RAS-BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling associated with intermittent or chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation cannot exclusively explain the excessive increase of malignant melanoma (MM) incidence since the 1950s. Malignant conversion of a melanocyte to an MM cell and metastatic MM is associated with a steady increase in microRNA-21 (miR-21). At the epigenetic level, miR-21 inhibits key tumor suppressors of the RAS-BRAF signaling pathway enhancing proliferation and MM progression. Increased MM cell levels of miR-21 either result from endogenous upregulation of melanocytic miR-21 expression or by uptake of miR-21-enriched exogenous exosomes. Based on epidemiological data and translational evidence, this review provides deeper insights into environmentally and metabolically induced exosomal miR-21 trafficking beyond UV-irradiation in melanomagenesis and MM progression. Sources of miR-21-enriched exosomes include UV-irradiated keratinocytes, adipocyte-derived exosomes in obesity, airway epithelium-derived exosomes generated by smoking and pollution, diet-related exosomes and inflammation-induced exosomes, which may synergistically increase the exosomal miR-21 burden of the melanocyte, the transformed MM cell and its tumor environment. Several therapeutic agents that suppress MM cell growth and proliferation attenuate miR-21 expression. These include miR-21 antagonists, metformin, kinase inhibitors, beta-blockers, vitamin D, and plant-derived bioactive compounds, which may represent new options for the prevention and treatment of MM.

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Trends in the incidence of fetal macrosomia and its phenotypes in the United States, 1971–2017

Cited by 45 publications

References 25 publications

Fetal macrosomia in home and birth center births in the United States: Maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes

Fetal macrosomia in home and birth center births in the United States: Maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes

Phenotypes of fetal macrosomia and risk of stillbirth among term deliveries over the previous four decades

MicroRNA-21-Enriched Exosomes as Epigenetic Regulators in Melanomagenesis and Melanoma Progression: The Impact of Western Lifestyle Factors

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