Trends in the incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability of facial fracture at global, regional and national levels from 1990 to 2017

Abstract

Background Facial fracture is one of the most common injuries globally. Some types of facial fractures may cause irreversible damage and can be life-threatening. This study aimed to investigate the health burden of facial fractures at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2017. Methods Facial fracture data, including the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from 1990 to 2017, were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study. We calculated the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) to assess the changes of facial fractures in 195 countries or territories and 21 regions. Results From 1990 to 2017, the change in cases of facial fracture incidence was 39% globally, while the age-standardized incidence rate showed a downtrend with an EAPC of 0.00. Syria experienced a ten-fold increase in incidence cases with an EAPC of 9.2, and this condition is largely responsible for the global health burden of facial fractures. The prevalence and YLDs showed a similar trend worldwide as the incidence. Additionally, we found that the incidence, prevalence, and YLDs showed a discrepancy among various age groups with a gradual change of proportion over the past 28 years. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of facial fractures were nearly twice for male than those for female from 1990 to 2017. Conclusions EAPC showed a correlation with the ASRs of facial fractures and had no relationship with socio-demographic index. The proportion of children and elderly suffering from facial fractures slightly changed with time. The ratio of facial fractures between males and females was 2:1. These findings suggest that more targeted and specific strategies based on age and gender should be established in various countries and regions.

Hu'po Anshen decoction promotes fracture healing in mice with traumatic brain injury through BMP2‐COX2‐ATF4 signaling pathway

“…HPASD promoted cartilage callus formation and osteogenesis initiation, as accompanied by upregulated expression levels of RUNX2, Smad1/5/9, EP4, ERK1/2, RSK2, and ATF4 in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner in chondrocyte-specific BMP2 knockout mice. Overall, our findings demonstrated that HPASD induced COX2 transcription through the 1…”

“…One of the main causes of death and disability worldwide is fracture, a common clinical illness. 1,2 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with fractures recover more quickly than patients with simple fractures and even exhibit heterotopic ossification, according to research on the clinical treatment of fractures. 3 However, uncertainty persists regarding the precise mechanism by which TBI accelerates fracture repair.…”

Mapping Evidence on the Epidemiology and Cost Associated with Maxillofacial Injury among Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review Protocol

“…The facial region is the most visible among the body parts, delicate in structure, and lacks protection [ 44 , 52 ], resulting in it being the leading cause of morbidity [ 32 , 43 ]. The high incidence and financial cost of treatment and rehabilitation and the possibility of the devastating irreversible damage that might result from a facial injury have made it a significant challenge for public healthcare services [ 7 , 15 , 53 ]. Hence, this invariably inflicts a substantial economic burden on the national health budgets, further constraining the present delicate health systems in SSA.…”

“…Markedly, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) accounted for 89% of the deaths, while 10% were attributed to sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) [ 5 , 6 ]. Maxillofacial injury (MI) is categorized as a nature of injury [ 6 ] and is characterized by the injury that may result in damage to soft and hard tissues of the facial region in the form of burns, lacerations, and fractures [ 7 , 8 ]. The fractures that entail the orbits, maxillary, nasal, mandible, and other bones in the facial region [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Clinical application of cinematic rendering in maxillofacial fractures

“…1 The 2017 Global Burden of Disease study showed that the global number of facial fracture cases increased from 5405,814 in 1990-7538,663 in 2017, an increase of 39.45%. 2,3 Furthermore, maxillofacial nerves and muscles, multiple and complex, are positioned near the maxillofacial bones. Fractures of the maxillofacial bones may have serious functional and cosmetic sequelae, and have adverse effects on the patient's quality of life, psychological wellbeing, and social interactions.…”