Trends in the incidence rate, type and treatment of surgically verified endometriosis – a nationwide cohort study

Saavalainen, Liisu; Tikka, Tuulia; But, Anna; Gissler, Mika; Haukka, Jari; Tiitinen, Aila; Härkki, Päivi; Heikinheimo, Oskari

doi:10.1111/aogs.13244

Cited by 27 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…FHDR includes both main and subsidiary diagnoses, records from the public and private sectors and also a record of day‐surgeries from 1994 forward. The formation of the cohort as well as the quality assessment of the endometriosis diagnosis of the FHDR records has been described previously …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Nationwide Cohort Study on the risk of non‐gynecological cancers in women with surgically verified endometriosis

Saavalainen

Lassus

But

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

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We assessed the association of surgically verified endometriosis and risk of non-gynecological cancers according to the type of endometriosis (i.e., ovarian, peritoneal and deep infiltrating endometriosis). All diagnoses of endometriosis combined with relevant procedural codes were identified from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register 1987-2012. Non-gynecological cancers diagnosed after the endometriosis diagnosis were obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry. The cohort of 49,933 women with surgically verified endometriosis and the sub-cohorts of ovarian (n = 23,210), peritoneal (n = 20,187), and deep infiltrating (n = 2,372) endometriosis were analyzed separately. The endometriosis cohort contributed 838,685 person-years of follow-up and the Finnish female population served as the reference cohort. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated for each cancer separately. The follow-up ended at emigration, death or on the 31st of December 2014. The non-gynecological cancer risk was not increased among women with endometriosis (SIR 1.03, 95%CI 0.98-1.08). Endometriosis was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer in the entire cohort (SIR 1.43, 95%CI 1.23-1.64) and in the sub-cohorts of ovarian and peritoneal endometriosis. We found a decreased risk of mouth and pharynx cancer (SIR 0.60, 95%CI 0.41-0.80), and of pancreatic cancer (SIR 0.76, 95%CI 0.58-0.96). The incidence of basal cell carcinoma was elevated in the entire cohort (SIR 1.18, 95%CI 1.10-1.25) and in the sub-cohorts of ovarian and peritoneal endometriosis. In conclusion, women with surgically verified endometriosis have an altered risk of only few non-gynecological cancers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Nationwide Cohort Study on the risk of non‐gynecological cancers in women with surgically verified endometriosis

Saavalainen

Lassus

But

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Validity of the different diseases in the FHDR has been evaluated as satisfactory to good in numerous studies. The quality assessment of FHDR concerning the present cohort was performed prior to initiating this study (Saavalainen, et al, 2018).…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality of midlife women with surgically verified endometriosis—a cohort study including 2.5 million person-years of observation

et al. 2019

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STUDY QUESTION Is all-cause and cause-specific mortality increased among women with surgically verified endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER The all-cause and cause-specific mortality in midlife was lower throughout the follow-up among women with surgically verified endometriosis compared to the reference cohort. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endometriosis has been associated with an increased risk of comorbidities such as certain cancers and cardiovascular diseases. These diseases are also common causes of death; however, little is known about the mortality of women with endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A nationwide retrospective cohort study of women with surgically verified diagnosis of endometriosis was compared to the reference cohort in Finland (1987–2012). Follow-up ended at death or 31 December 2014. During the median follow-up of 17 years, 2.5 million person-years accumulated. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Forty-nine thousand nine hundred and fifty-six women with at least one record of surgically verified diagnosis of endometriosis in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register between 1987 and 2012 were compared to a reference cohort of 98 824 age- and municipality-matched women. The age (mean ± standard deviation) of the endometriosis cohort was 36.4 ± 9.0 and 53.6 ± 12.1 years at the beginning and at the end of the follow-up, respectively. By using the Poisson regression models the crude and adjusted all-cause and cause-specific mortality rate ratios (MRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were assessed. Calendar time, age, time since the start of follow-up, educational level, and parity adjusted were considered in the multivariate analyses. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 1656 and 4291 deaths occurred in the endometriosis and reference cohorts, respectively. A lower all-cause mortality was observed for the endometriosis cohort (adjusted MRR, 0.73 [95% CI 0.69 to 0.77])—there were four deaths less per 1000 women over 10 years. A lower cause-specific mortality contributed to this: the adjusted MRR was 0.88 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.96) for any cancer and 0.55 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.65) for cardiovascular diseases, including 0.52 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.64) for ischemic heart disease and 0.60 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.76) for cerebrovascular disease. Mortality due to alcohol, accidents and violence, respiratory, and digestive disease-related causes was also decreased. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUSATION These results are limited to women with endometriosis diagnosed by surgery. In addition, the study does not extend into the oldest age groups. The results might be explained by the characteristics and factors related to women’s lifestyle, and/or increased medical attention and care received, rather than the disease itself. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These reassuring data are valuable to women with endometriosis and to their health care providers. Nonetheless, more studies are needed to address the causality. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST This research was funded by the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa and The Finnish Medical Foundation. None of the authors report any competing interest in relation to the present work; all the authors have completed the disclosure form.

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“…It is a complex disease that is estimated to affect 5%-10% of women of reproductive age. 1 Symptoms are highly variable with some women largely asymptomatic and others severely debilitated by pain or infertility associated with the disease. Surgical treatment, usually by laparoscopy, is used in symptomatic women who have shown poor response to medical therapy or who have clinical or radiographic findings suggestive of advanced disease, such as an endometrioma or deep-infiltrating lesions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis and predictors of major complications: A retrospective cohort study

Clark

Dmello

Griffith

et al. 2019

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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Introduction Patients with advanced endometriosis may be at an increased risk of surgical complications following laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis; however, this relationship has not been examined. We sought to identify predictors of major complications following laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis. Material and methods A retrospective cohort study of women who underwent laparoscopic treatment of suspected endometriosis between 2009 and 2016 within the Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Predictors of major perioperative complications were assessed by comparing the characteristics of women who had any major intraoperative or postoperative complication with those of women who had no complication. Results A total of 397 women underwent laparoscopic treatment of suspected endometriosis including excision of superficial endometriosis (55.4%), excision of deep‐infiltrating endometriosis (24.9%), fulguration of endometriosis (38.3%), hysterectomy (23.2%), ovarian cystectomy (35.5%), salpingectomy (18.6%), oophorectomy (15.1%), and bowel resection (1.0%). Women were followed for 60 days following surgery, over which time 18 women (4.5%) had a major perioperative complication. Patient characteristics and preoperative imaging were similar between women with and without complications. Women with advanced endometriosis, including stage III or IV endometriosis, deep‐infiltrating endometriosis, or rectovaginal disease, were more likely to have a complication, though this did not reach statistical significance (77.8% of women with a complication versus 56.7% of women without a complication had advanced endometriosis, P = 0.077). Women who had a complication were more likely to have undergone adhesiolysis or ureterolysis (88.9% of women with a complication versus 52.5% without a complication underwent adhesiolysis, P = 0.002; and 61.1% of women with a complication versus 28.8% without a complication underwent ureterolysis, P = 0.003). The total number of procedures was greater for women who had a complication (4.3 ± 1.2 vs 3.2 ± 1.5, P = 0.003). All other procedure characteristics were similar between women with and without complications. Conclusions Complications following laparoscopic treatment of suspected endometriosis could not be predicted by preoperative patient characteristics or surgical findings of advanced endometriosis. Adhesiolysis, ureterolysis, and an increased number of total procedures may be predictive of perioperative complications, suggesting that surgical complexity as measured by the procedures performed, rather than the disease severity, may increase the risk of a complication compared with women who do not undergo these procedures.

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Trends in the incidence rate, type and treatment of surgically verified endometriosis – a nationwide cohort study

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

A Nationwide Cohort Study on the risk of non‐gynecological cancers in women with surgically verified endometriosis

A Nationwide Cohort Study on the risk of non‐gynecological cancers in women with surgically verified endometriosis

Mortality of midlife women with surgically verified endometriosis—a cohort study including 2.5 million person-years of observation

Laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis and predictors of major complications: A retrospective cohort study

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