“…There is also rich literature that identifies and prescribes communication competence behaviors (Hannawa & Spitzberg, 2015; Morreale, 2009; Spitzberg, 1983, 2000, 2006) that form the basis of communication skill instruction. Although the contemporary discipline of communication includes instruction about a wide variety of communication theories and contexts, considerable effort continues to be expended on teaching communication skills (Morreale, 2009, 2020; Smith & Turner, 1993; Thompson et al, 2021; Wardrope, 1999). In addition, communication skill development is the primary focus of the basic communication studies and business communication courses that are required by general education and business education courses at many U.S. colleges and universities (LeFebvre & LeFebvre, 2020; Morreale, 2020; Morreale et al, 2006).…”