Trends in the Pattern of Facial Fractures in Different Countries of the World

Abstract

SUMMARY:The aim of the present study was to examine the changes in the pattern of maxillofacial fractures between developed and developing countries over two time periods; (1987-1999) and (2000-2007). A comprehensive search of the literature using PubMed was conducted for publications on maxillofacial injuries published during the last 20 years. Only 45 articles met the inclusion criteria and the full-texts of these articles were thoroughly examined. For each of the included studies, different parameters were recorded. Calculated "weighed" percentages of each parameter across the total number of all patients were performed. The mandible was the most frequently fractured facial bone (57%). In the total period, the mean age of patients with facial fractures was 24.4 years and the incidence of facial fractures was higher in males (81.3%) than in females. The male to female ratio of patients with facial fractures was greater in developing countries (5.1:1.0) than that in developed countries (3.7:1.0) in the total period. Road traffic accident-related injuries had significantly decreased in developed countries and increased in developing countries over the two periods. However, assault-related facial injuries had significantly increased in developed countries and decreased in developing countries over the two periods. The body of the mandible was the most common mandibular fracture site (27.2%). It was concluded that mandibular fractures are more common than middle third injuries of the facial skeleton. Most patients affected by facial fractures in different countries were young adult males.

Patterns of Fracture Site and Management of Maxillofacial Trauma Cases in The Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery in Sanglah General Hospital

“…11,12 However, looking specifically to the part of mandible fracture, this study has a different prevalence of mandible condyle fracture (5% of cases) while other studies tend to show higher prevalence. 13 In Table 2, we showed that the most common prevalence site of maxillofacial fracture were difference among studies. Still, the mandible fracture dominated to be the most prevalence site of fracture, as in Brazil, Australia, Pakistan, Nigeria, India, Europe, and Bandung.…”

Profile of maxillofacial injuries in Departement of Emergency Trauma and Acute Care Surgery in Sanglah General Hospital from January 2012 to November 2018

“…The reason for preponderance of mandible was due to its prominence, mobility and its selection as a target of intentional violence. [12][13][14] Low level of awareness among population to wear full face helmet (Indonesian National Standard with chin protection) does impact the number of maxillofacial injury at Indonesia especially in Bali. Diagnosing maxillofacial trauma in our hospital was standardized.…”

Maxillofacial prostheses challenges in resource constrained regions

“…Common causes of maxillofacial injuries by trauma are road traffic accidents, falls, sports and industrial accidents, falls from heights, school and domestic accidents involving children, birth injuries, gunshots and bomb blasts [4,[13][14][15]. These can further be seen in table 3.…”