Trends in the relative prevalence of genital ulcer disease pathogens and association with HIV infection in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2007–2015

Kularatne, Ranmini; Müller, Etienne; Maseko, Dumisile V.; Kufa, Tendesayi; Lewis, David A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194125

Cited by 26 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Risk behavior such as injection drug use and multiple sexual partners have been associated with low completion of multi-dose vaccine schedules [25, 45]. GUD is a surrogate marker of risky sexual behavior yet low risk perception may lead to complacency with disease prevention and health promotion interventions; GUD has long been understood as a risk factor for HIV acquisition as well [46, 47]. Population based surveys done in different settings and age groups give mixed results on the association between risky sexual behavior and uptake of health interventions [48, 49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with vaccination completion and retention among HIV negative female sex workers enrolled in a simulated vaccine efficacy trial in Kampala, Uganda

et al. 2019

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Background Female sex workers (FSWs) at substantial risk of HIV are potentially a suitable group for HIV prevention trials including vaccine trials. Few HIV vaccine preparatory studies have been conducted among FSWs in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); data are therefore limited on acceptability of vaccine trial procedures. We determined vaccination completion and one-year retention among FSWs in Kampala, Uganda. Methods We conducted a prospective study that simulated a vaccine efficacy trial among HIV negative FSWs (18–49 years). Hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix B) was used to mimic an HIV vaccine product. Volunteers received 1 ml intramuscular injection at 0, 1 and 6 months, and made additional visits (3 days post-vaccination and months 3, 9 and 12). They were censored at that visit if diagnosed as HIV positive or pregnant. We collected socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical data at baseline, 6 and 12 months and fitted Poisson regression models with robust standard error to find factors associated with vaccination completion and retention. Results We enrolled 290 volunteers (median age 27 years) of whom 230 reached a study end-point as follows: 7 became HIV infected, 11 became pregnant and 212 completed both the vaccination schedule and 12-month visit giving a retention of 77.9% (212/272). Vaccination completion was 82.4%. Non-retention at 1 year was more likely among those reporting symptoms of genital ulcer disease (GUD) in the past 3 months (IRR 1.90; 95% CI 1.09–3.32) and those < 35 years; (IRR 6.59; 95% CI 2.11–20.57). Non-completion of the vaccination schedule was associated with being < 35 years (IRR 13.10; 95% CI 1.89–90.92, reporting GUD symptoms (IRR 3.02; 95% CI 1.71–5.33) and reporting consistent condom use with new sexual partners (IRR 2.57; 95% CI 1.10–6.07). Conclusions FSWs are at substantial risk of HIV infection and yet willing to participate in HIV vaccine and prevention research; young FSWs should be empowered, and those reporting GUD symptoms need close follow up to improve participation in future HIV vaccine trials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with vaccination completion and retention among HIV negative female sex workers enrolled in a simulated vaccine efficacy trial in Kampala, Uganda

et al. 2019

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“…The global burden of HSV-related GUD is not well understood due to a lack of dependable, systematic surveillance or prevalence studies in most settings. Case reporting may not be reliable because many symptomatic individuals do not seek care and remain undiagnosed,18 and GUD may not be recognised as herpetic by clinicians, since although HSV is the most common cause of GUD globally GUD can have other causes 19–26. A more complete understanding of the morbidity associated with HSV infection, and in particular GUD, would help elucidate the full potential public health value of HSV interventions 27.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global and regional burden of genital ulcer disease due to herpes simplex virus: a natural history modelling study

et al. 2020

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IntroductionHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infection can cause painful, recurrent genital ulcer disease (GUD), which can have a substantial impact on sexual and reproductive health. HSV-related GUD is most often due to HSV type 2 (HSV-2), but may also be due to genital HSV type 1 (HSV-1), which has less frequent recurrent episodes than HSV-2. The global burden of GUD has never been quantified. Here we present the first global and regional estimates of GUD due to HSV-1 and HSV-2 among women and men aged 15–49 years old.MethodsWe developed a natural history model reflecting the clinical course of GUD following HSV-2 and genital HSV-1 infection, informed by a literature search for data on model parameters. We considered both diagnosed and undiagnosed symptomatic infection. This model was then applied to existing infection estimates and population sizes for 2016. A sensitivity analysis was carried out varying the assumptions made.ResultsWe estimated that 187 million people aged 15–49 years had at least one episode of HSV-related GUD globally in 2016: 5.0% of the world’s population. Of these, 178 million (95% of those with HSV-related GUD) had HSV-2 compared with 9 million (5%) with HSV-1. GUD burden was highest in Africa, and approximately double in women compared with men. Altogether there were an estimated 8 billion person-days spent with HSV-related GUD globally in 2016, with 99% of days due to HSV-2. Taking into account parameter uncertainty, the percentage with at least one episode of HSV-related GUD ranged from 3.2% to 7.9% (120–296 million). However, the estimates were sensitive to the model assumptions.ConclusionOur study represents a first attempt to quantify the global burden of HSV-related GUD, which is large. New interventions such as HSV vaccines, antivirals or microbicides have the potential to improve the quality of life of millions of people worldwide.

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“…Literature is replete with instances to show that the risk of HIV infection acquisition multiplies 10 times in those with STIs [3,4]. e negative health consequences of STI on several components of reproductive health include infertility, cervical cancer, chronic pelvic pain, recurrent pregnancy loss, preterm labour, and newborn/child health complications [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Sources of the Previous Point of Care among Nigerians: Findings from Three National HIV and AIDS Reproductive Health Surveys

Morhason-Bello

Fagbamigbe

2020

International Journal of Reproductive Medicine

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Background. Adequate knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is critical for effective control of disease. Health education/counselling at the point of care provides ample opportunities to improve knowledge of patient seeking treatment. There is no study from Nigeria that investigates association between sources of previous point of care of STI and quality of knowledge of people on STI. We hypothesised that previous treatment of STI will be associated with better knowledge of STI and HIV infection. Methods. Three consecutives nationally representative cross-sectional surveys on HIV and AIDS Reproductive Health in Nigeria, conducted in 2005, 2007, and 2012 were analysed. Outcome measures were knowledge of STI only, and a combined knowledge of STI and HIV transmission and prevention. We designed a knowledge scale of 14-item questions for STI and 41-item questions for STI and HIV. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors at 5% significance level. Results. Knowledge of STI increased from 13.4% in 2005 to 15.0% in 2007 to 26.5% in 2012. Respondents that received treatment from pharmacy and patient medicine vendors had higher odds of good knowledge of STI than those who did not receive any treatment (aOR = 2.55) in 2005. In 2012, respondents treated at health facilities were over two times likely to have good knowledge of STI and HIV transmission and prevention (aOR = 2.35). STI positive individuals in the highest economic class were two times likely to have good knowledge of STI and HIV transmission and prevention than those in the lowest class. Conclusion. Participants that previously sought care from health facilities, pharmacy, and patient medicine vendors had better knowledge of STIs and HIV infection prevention and transmission than those who sought care from unorthodox sources. We recommend a national awareness creation on STI prevention including provision of information on safe point of care for STIs in Nigeria.

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Trends in the relative prevalence of genital ulcer disease pathogens and association with HIV infection in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2007–2015

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Factors associated with vaccination completion and retention among HIV negative female sex workers enrolled in a simulated vaccine efficacy trial in Kampala, Uganda

Factors associated with vaccination completion and retention among HIV negative female sex workers enrolled in a simulated vaccine efficacy trial in Kampala, Uganda

The global and regional burden of genital ulcer disease due to herpes simplex virus: a natural history modelling study

Association between Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Sources of the Previous Point of Care among Nigerians: Findings from Three National HIV and AIDS Reproductive Health Surveys

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