Trends in the Social Class Inequalities in Disability and Self-Rated Health: Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys from Finland and Sweden 2001–2018

Enroth, Linda; Fors, Stefan

doi:10.3389/ijph.2021.645513

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A large body of literature consistently reported low SES in people with disability as measured by the Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI) and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL). For example, the populations with a higher prevalence of disability often experience lower school attendance, higher unemployment rate, and lower income [ 3 , 4 , 6 – 8 ]. Their poor health status is likely to be exacerbated by poor knowledge and low affordability of health services.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of inequality in functional disability of older populations in China from 2008 to 2018: a decomposition analysis

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

BMC Geriatr

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Background This study aims to determine the change of inequality in functional disability of older populations in China over the period from 2008 to 2018 and decompose the contribution of the personal and environmental predictors to the change. Methods Data were drawn from two waves (2008 and 2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Functional disability was assessed by the basic activities of daily living (ADL) and the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Concentration index (CI) was calculated to measure the socioeconomic inequality in ADL and IADL. A two-level linear regression model was established to identify the individual and care environmental predictors and their contribution to the inequality of ADL and IADL, respectively. The Oaxaca-type decomposition technique was adopted to estimate the contribution of these predictors to changes of the inequality in ADL and IADL over the period from 2008 to 2018. Results Socioeconomic inequality in functional disability of older adults increased over the period from 2008 to 2018, with the CI for ADL changing from − 0.0085 to − 0.0137 and the CI for IADL changing from − 0.0164 to − 0.0276, respectively. Self-rated economic status was the single most powerful predictor of changes in the inequality, although the growing and dominant rating of older persons with fare economic status could offset the detrimental effects of other (rich or poor) ratings on the changes. The enlarged inequality was also attributable to the increasing importance of regular exercise and its distributional changes, as well as the accumulative long-term effect of farming in earlier life. They outweighed the counteracting effects of rural residency, living with chronic conditions and in an institution. Conclusions Socioeconomic inequality in functional disability of older populations in China increased over the period from 2008 to 2018. Re-distribution of wealth remains to be a powerful instrument for addressing the inequality issue, but alone it is not enough. The detrimental accumulative effect of farming will not disappear any time soon. While rural residents are catching up with their urban counterparts, new challenges such as physical inactivity are emerging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their poor health status is likely to be exacerbated by poor knowledge and low affordability of health services. With the increase of life expectancy, more people are living with disability and health inequality tends to increase rather than decrease [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of inequality in functional disability of older populations in China from 2008 to 2018: a decomposition analysis

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

BMC Geriatr

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“…5 The findings on improved functioning are largely driven by favourable trends in higher occupational classes, while the decline in SRH is due to adverse trends in lower occupational classes. 22 Our results show increasing occupational class inequalities in functioning and SRH from 2001 to 2018. 22 Longitudinal changes in health and functioning An individual-based longitudinal analysis of changes in physical functioning among the oldest old showed significant age-related decline in functioning, which accelerated with age.…”

Section: The Concepts Of Successful Ageing and Srhmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Cohort profile: The Vitality 90+ Study—a cohort study on health and living conditions of the oldest old in Tampere, Finland

et al. 2023

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PurposeVitality 90+ is an ongoing population-based study with repeated cross-sectional data collections. The study was designed to examine trends in health, functioning, living conditions, quality of life and care needs among the oldest old in Finland.ParticipantsNine mailed surveys have been conducted in the city of Tampere between 1995 and 2018. The first three surveys in 1995, 1996 and 1998 included all community-dwelling individuals aged 90 years or older; and the following six surveys in 2001, 2003, 2007, 2010, 2014 and 2018 covered all individuals in Tampere regardless of their living arrangements. In total, the surveys have included 5935 participants (8840 observations). Around 80% of the participants have been women. The participants’ age range has been between 90 and 107 years.Findings to dateThe surveys have consistently asked the same questions over time, covering basic sociodemographic factors, morbidity, functioning, self-rated health (SRH), living arrangements, social relations, quality of life, care needs and providers of care. Survey data have been linked with national register data on health and social service use, mortality and medication. The main findings regarding the time trends show an increase in the proportion of people independent in activities of daily living and mobility. Along with improved functioning, the number of chronic conditions has increased, and SRH has shown a tendency to decline. In addition, we have found increasing occupational class inequalities in functioning and SRH over time.Future plansThe next round of data collection will be completed by the end of 2022. The Vitality 90+ Study welcomes research collaborations that fall within the general aims of the project. The research data 1995–2014 are archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive and the data for years 2018 and 2022 will be archived in 2023.

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Can Sex Differences in Old Age Disabilities be Attributed to Socioeconomic Conditions? Evidence from a Mapping Review of the Literature

et al. 2022

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Old age disabilities are more common among women than men, and adverse socioeconomic conditions are associated with a higher prevalence of disabilities among older adults. The goal of this study was to complete a mapping review of the available evidence assessing the extent to which the observed sex differences in older adults’ disabilities can be attributed to sex differences in socioeconomic status. We searched three databases for articles published between 2009 and 2019, and after screening and looking at eligibility criteria, 6 articles were included in the review. For those studies that did not directly analyse the contribution of socioeconomic conditions, we used the ‘difference method’ to estimate the proportion of the sex gap in disabilities among older adults that could be attributed to socioeconomic conditions. Our review demonstrated that women generally have a higher prevalence of disabilities than men. In several studies, these differences could be partly attributed to sex differences in the distribution of socioeconomic conditions. We also find great elasticity in the magnitude of both the sex gap in disabilities and in the proportion that could be attributed to differences in socioeconomic conditions.

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Trends in the Social Class Inequalities in Disability and Self-Rated Health: Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys from Finland and Sweden 2001–2018

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Changes of inequality in functional disability of older populations in China from 2008 to 2018: a decomposition analysis

Changes of inequality in functional disability of older populations in China from 2008 to 2018: a decomposition analysis

Cohort profile: The Vitality 90+ Study—a cohort study on health and living conditions of the oldest old in Tampere, Finland

Can Sex Differences in Old Age Disabilities be Attributed to Socioeconomic Conditions? Evidence from a Mapping Review of the Literature

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