Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide

Quéré, Corinne Le; Raupach, Michael; Canadell, Josep G.; Marland, Gregg; Bopp, Laurent; Ciais, Philippe; Conway, T. J.; Doney, Scott C.; Feely, Richard A.; Foster, P. N.; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Gurney, K. R.; Houghton, Richard A.; House, Joanna Isobel; Huntingford, Chris; Levy, Peter E.; Lomas, M.; Majkut, Joseph; Metzl, Nicolas; Ometto, Jean Pierre; Peters, Glen P.; Prentice, Iain Colin; Randerson, James T.; Running, Steven W.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Schuster, Ute; Sitch, Stephen; Takahashi, Taro; Viovy, Nicolas; Werf, Guido R. van der; Woodward, F. I.

doi:10.1038/ngeo689

Cited by 1,856 publications

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“…nterannual variability (IAV) of the net carbon dioxide exchange over land is globally the main determinant of the variability of atmospheric CO 2 growth rate 1,2 . So understanding the factors confluxes is essential to improve the predictability annual GPP 8 , but also correlates with net ecosystem CO 2 exchange 5 .…”

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Stand age and species richness dampen interannual variation of ecosystem-level photosynthetic capacity

et al. 2017

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The total uptake of carbon dioxide by ecosystems via photosynthesis (gross primary productivity, GPP) is the largest flux in the global carbon cycle. A key ecosystem functional property determining GPP is the photosynthetic capacity at light saturation (GPPsat), and its interannual variability (IAV) is propagated to the net land–atmosphere exchange of CO2. Given the importance of understanding the IAV in CO2 fluxes for improving the predictability of the global carbon cycle, we have tested a range of alternative hypotheses to identify potential drivers of the magnitude of IAV in GPPsat in forest ecosystems. Our results show that while the IAV in GPPsat within sites is closely related to air temperature and soil water availability fluctuations, the magnitude of IAV in GPPsat is related to stand age and biodiversity (R2 = 0.55, P < 0.0001). We find that the IAV of GPPsat is greatly reduced in older and more diverse forests, and is higher in younger forests with few dominant species. Older and more diverse forests seem to dampen the effect of climate variability on the carbon cycle irrespective of forest type. Preserving old forests and their diversity would therefore be beneficial in reducing the effect of climate variability on Earth's forest ecosystems

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“…However, trolling the IAV in CO 2 of the global carbon cycle 3 . Ecosystem biotic properties -----such as soil and canopy nutrient status, rates of change in physiological properties of the vegetation, or the sensitivity of these properties to environmental factors -----influence ecosystem CO 2 exchange.…”

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Stand age and species richness dampen interannual variation of ecosystem-level photosynthetic capacity

et al. 2017

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“…Although we use 1990 fossil fuel fluxes in AM2, the observed gradient in the early 1990s may have been smaller, likely due to net uptake by the biosphere, which is ignored here (Ciais et al, 1995). On yearly timescales, not all CO 2 emitted to the atmosphere by fossil fuel burning remains airborne: approximately 40-50% is taken up by natural oceanic or terrestrial sinks (Le Quéré et al, 2009). Inference of the strength and location of these natural sinks is the focus of many inverse studies (Gurney et al, 2002(Gurney et al, , 2004.…”

Section: Sources Of Co 2 Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of variations in total column carbon dioxide

2011

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Abstract.Observations of gradients in the total CO 2 column, CO 2 , are expected to provide improved constraints on surface fluxes of CO 2 . Here we use a general circulation model with a variety of prescribed carbon fluxes to investigate how variations in CO 2 arise. On diurnal scales, variations are small and are forced by both local fluxes and advection. On seasonal scales, gradients are set by the north-south flux distribution. On synoptic scales, variations arise due to large-scale eddy-driven disturbances of the meridional gradient. In this case, because variations in CO 2 are tied to synoptic activity, significant correlations exist between CO 2 and dynamical tracers. We illustrate how such correlations can be used to describe the north-south gradients of CO 2 and the underlying fluxes on continental scales. These simulations suggest a novel analysis framework for using column observations in carbon cycle science.

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“…Estimating gross primary production (GPP), or photosynthesis, at the global scale is essential for various applications ranging from yield prediction (Guan et al, 2016) to evaluating and predicting the impact of regional and global environmental changes (Friend et al, 2007; Le Quéré et al, 2009; McDowell et al, 2015; Poulter et al, 2014). To correctly evaluate the impact of environmental changes, such as land use land cover changes, remote sensing estimates of GPP require both fine spatial resolution, to capture the diversity of ecosystem response to environmental drivers, and long‐term record, to assess interannual variability and long‐term trends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructed Solar‐Induced Fluorescence: A Machine Learning Vegetation Product Based on MODIS Surface Reflectance to Reproduce GOME‐2 Solar‐Induced Fluorescence

Gentine

Alemohammad

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

108

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Solar‐induced fluorescence (SIF) observations from space have resulted in major advancements in estimating gross primary productivity (GPP). However, current SIF observations remain spatially coarse, infrequent, and noisy. Here we develop a machine learning approach using surface reflectances from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) channels to reproduce SIF normalized by clear sky surface irradiance from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment‐2 (GOME‐2). The resulting product is a proxy for ecosystem photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by chlorophyll (fAPARCh). Multiplying this new product with a MODIS estimate of photosynthetically active radiation provides a new MODIS‐only reconstruction of SIF called Reconstructed SIF (RSIF). RSIF exhibits much higher seasonal and interannual correlation than the original SIF when compared with eddy covariance estimates of GPP and two reference global GPP products, especially in dry and cold regions. RSIF also reproduces intense productivity regions such as the U.S. Corn Belt contrary to typical vegetation indices and similarly to SIF.

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Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide

Cited by 1,856 publications

References 43 publications

Stand age and species richness dampen interannual variation of ecosystem-level photosynthetic capacity

Stand age and species richness dampen interannual variation of ecosystem-level photosynthetic capacity

Sources of variations in total column carbon dioxide

Reconstructed Solar‐Induced Fluorescence: A Machine Learning Vegetation Product Based on MODIS Surface Reflectance to Reproduce GOME‐2 Solar‐Induced Fluorescence

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