2018
DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2380
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Trends in vital signs for Greater Yellowstone: application of a Wildland Health Index

Abstract: The Earth's remaining tracts of wildlands are being altered by increased human pressure and climate change. Yet, there is no systematic approach for quantifying change in the ecological condition of wildland ecosystems. This paper applies a Wildland Health Index (WHI) to evaluate trends in ecological vital signs in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Components of the WHI include criteria for judging ecosystem health, vital signs consistent with these criteria, monitoring at spatial scales relevant to the… Show more

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Cited by 33 publications
(32 citation statements)
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“…For instance, our approach to delineating greater ecosystems can serve as a monitoring tool for a variety of factors outside protected areas such as land use changes (Martinuzzi et al, ), barriers to animal migration (e.g., Seidler, Long, Berger, Bergen, & Beckmann, ), the introduction of exotic species, and other human impacts that could ultimately influence species and processes within protected areas (Hansen et al, ). Increased monitoring of greater ecosystems of protected areas will aid in identifying and quantifying the drivers of biodiversity losses within protected areas and mitigating these impacts (Hansen & DeFries, ; Hansen & Phillips, ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For instance, our approach to delineating greater ecosystems can serve as a monitoring tool for a variety of factors outside protected areas such as land use changes (Martinuzzi et al, ), barriers to animal migration (e.g., Seidler, Long, Berger, Bergen, & Beckmann, ), the introduction of exotic species, and other human impacts that could ultimately influence species and processes within protected areas (Hansen et al, ). Increased monitoring of greater ecosystems of protected areas will aid in identifying and quantifying the drivers of biodiversity losses within protected areas and mitigating these impacts (Hansen & DeFries, ; Hansen & Phillips, ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For instance, the protected core centered on Yellowstone National Park increases by 29% when considering the surrounding 6,878 km 2 of IRAs. The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem is expected to experience increased human pressures from residential development, recreation, and land use (Hansen & Phillips, 2018). Other protected areas that are surrounded by IRAs may benefit as well based on the relative increase in effective size.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Reformers of the ESA suggest that future reform should consider human economic wellbeing in the context of species recovery at the same scale as recovery efforts-that is, at the ecosystem/regional level. By doing so, policymakers would consider ecosystem-wide impacts of ESA-based conservation rather than those on a specific industry or group prosperity (Power 1980;Johnson and Rasker 1995;Hansen, Rasker et al 2002;Johnson, Maxwell, and Aspinall 2003;Gude et al 2006;Hansen and Phillips 2018;Rickman and Wang 2018).…”
Section: Benefits Of Recoverymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With a more diversified economy have come higher rates of population growth. During the years of grizzly recovery, between 1970 and 2015, the population of the Greater Yellowstone region more than doubled (+111.6%) and the number of homes tripled from 79,128 in 1970 to 227,687 in 2015 (Hansen and Phillips 2018). New arrivals to the region are attracted by a variety of attributes, including good air transport, a thriving economy (much of it in tech), high-quality recreation, clean and safe communities, and scenic beauty (Dillman 1979;Power 1991;Johnson and Rasker 1995;Johnson and Beale 1999;Rudzitis 1999, Rasker andHansen 2000;Power and Barrett 2001;Hansen, Rasker et al 2002;Johnson, Maxwell, and Aspinall 2003;Gude et al 2006;Bergstrom 2012;Cortes, Davidsson, and McKinnis 2015;Swanson 2016;Bergstrom 2018, Rappaport 2018.…”
Section: Benefits Of Recoverymentioning
confidence: 99%
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