Trends Intherapeutic and Prevention Strategies for Management of Bovine Mastitis: An Overview

Tiwari, J.G.; Babra, C.; Tiwari, Harish Kumar; Williams, Vincent; Wet, Sharon de; Gibson, Justine S.; Paxman, Adrian; Morgan, Eleanor; Costantino, Paul; Sunagar, Raju; Isloor, Shrikrishna; Mukkur, T.K.S.

doi:10.4172/2157-7560.1000176

Cited by 55 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…31 The prevalence of mastitis varies between countries and geographical regions due to national differences in legislation, veterinary, and laboratory services and farmers' management practices. Usually, the highest prevalence of mastitis is found in countries with a poorly developed dairy sector and lack of udder hygiene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and virulence factors ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolated from buffalo and cow mastitic milk

Osman

Hassan²,

Orabi

et al. 2014

Pathogens and Global Health

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Studies on the prevalence and virulence genes of Klebsiella mastitis pathogens in a buffalo population are undocumented. Also, the association of rmpA kfu, uge, magA, Aerobactin, K1 and K2 virulent factors with K. pneumoniae buffalo, and cow mastitis is unreported. The virulence of K. pneumoniae was evaluated through both phenotypic and molecular assays. In vivo virulence was assessed by the Vero cell cytotoxicity, suckling mouse assay and mice lethality test. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion method. The 45 K. pneumoniae isolates from buffalo (n510/232) and cow (n535/293) milk were isolated (45/525; 8.6%) and screened via PCR for seven virulence genes encoding uridine diphosphate galactose 4 epimerase encoding gene responsible for capsule and smooth lipopolysaccharide synthesis (uge), siderophores (kfu and aerobactin), protectines or invasins (rmpA and magA), and the capsule and hypermucoviscosity (K1 and K2). The most common virulence genes were rmpA, kfu, uge, and magA (77.8% each). Aerobactin and K1 genes were found at medium rates of 66.7% each and K2 (55.6%). The Vero cell cytotoxicity and LD (50) in mice were found in 100% of isolates. A multidrug resistance pattern was observed for 40% of the antimicrobials. The distribution of virulence profiles indicate a role of rmpA, kfu, uge, magA, Aerobactin, and K1 and K2 in pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae in udder infections and invasiveness, and constitutes a threat for vulnerable animals, even more if they are in combination with antibiotic resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and virulence factors ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolated from buffalo and cow mastitic milk

Osman

Hassan²,

Orabi

et al. 2014

Pathogens and Global Health

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“…6 An example is the development of a mastitis vaccine where lots of vaccines have been developed but few had satisfactory results, necessitating cheap and efficient steps in controlling this disease. 7 Phytotherapy offers a cheap and equally beneficial alternative in tackling antibiotic resistant in treating bovine mastitis. 8 Natural products are a rich and promising source for the discovery of new biologically active compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic extracts of garlic and neem leaves against bovine mastitis pathogens: an in vitro assay

Makhulu¹,

Samuel²,

Stanley³

et al. 2017

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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Background: Treatment of bovine mastitis (BM) is highly expensive necessitating better and affordable control strategies. Synergy of plant extracts against microbes associated with BM stand unexploited. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the sensitivity of major bovine mastitis bacteria- Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to combination of two traditional herbal plants, garlic and neem, widely used in East Africa.Methods: Maceration and soxhlet processes were used to obtain crude ethanolic extracts of neem extracts (NE) and garlic (GE) respectively. The extracts were used to determine Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) against test pathogens. Synergy was investigated by combining the two extracts at different concentrations and determining colony forming units per liquid medium (CFU/ml) using turbidity as a measure of inoculum growth.Results: NE was effective against S. aureus at 200µg/ml and 100µg/ml (average zone of inhibitions were 11±0.5774 mm and 10±0.5774 mm respectively). E. coli was resistant to NE. GE was effective against S. aureus at 200µl/ml and 100µl/ml (average zones of inhibition were 14±0.8819 mm and 12±0.8819 mm respectively). GE was effective against E. coli only at 200µl/ml with an average zone of inhibition of 11±0.5774 mm.Conclusions: There was synergy when garlic MIC was combined with NE MIC. Increase in concentration of GE above its MIC increased the rate of decrease of the CFU. No significant change was shown when NE concentration was increased above its MIC. The combination of NE and GE can have additive effect in treatment S. aureus mastitis while GE can supplement NE resistance.

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“…T here are a great demand for the milk and dairy products in the past decades, however the needs has been increased because the huge demand due to growing of populations worldwide (Tiwari et al, 2013). Camel breeding plays an important role in the life of the desert inhabitants.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Study of She Camel Subclinical Mastitis in Al-Hyadia District Al-Najaf Province

Al-Rammahi¹,

Hatem²,

Al-Atabi³

2018

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| This study was carried out at Al-Hyadia arid area/Al-Najaf on 82 she camels. Based on bacterial isolation, the subclinical mastitis was detected in 24 out of 82 she camels at percentage rate of 19.68%. The highest percentage of isolates was17.68 and 12.92 for Coagulase -ve Staphylococci followed by Streptococcus spp., respectively. The percentages rate of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Micrococcus spp were 10.2%, 8.16% and 4.08%, respectively. Based on bacterial isolation as confirmed diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, the milk samples with Coagulase -ve Staphylococci, E. coli and Staphylococcusaureus revealed score 3 to California mastitis test (CMT) reaction with pH ranged 7.5-6.73 and electric conductivity 8.1-7.9 ms/cm, while in Streptococcus spp. and Micrococcus revealed score 2 to CMT reaction with pH ranged 6.89-6.44 and electric conductivity 7.81-7.68 ms/cm. In conclusion, the results of the present study approved investigation of subclinical mastitis in she camel and its causative agents. Moreover, CMTcan be approved as fast and effective, but less sensitive in diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.

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Trends Intherapeutic and Prevention Strategies for Management of Bovine Mastitis: An Overview

Cited by 55 publications

References 153 publications

Phenotypic, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and virulence factors ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolated from buffalo and cow mastitic milk

Phenotypic, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and virulence factors ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolated from buffalo and cow mastitic milk

Synergistic antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic extracts of garlic and neem leaves against bovine mastitis pathogens: an in vitro assay

Diagnostic Study of She Camel Subclinical Mastitis in Al-Hyadia District Al-Najaf Province

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