Trends, motivations and settings of recreational cocaine use by adolescents and young adults in the Netherlands

Poel, Agnes van der; Rodenburg, Gerda; Dijkstra, Minke; Stoele, Madelon; Mheen, Dike van de

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.02.005

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…There is evidence suggesting a "normalization" of hard drug use in various Western countries (e.g., Australia; Duff, 2005), including the Netherlands (Goossens et al, 2013;Van der Poel, Rodenburg, Dijkstra, Stoele, & Van de Mheen, 2009;Van Van der Sar et al, 2012). A recent study showed that 61% of Dutch people under 35 who frequently visit clubs or festivals, have used ecstasy at least once in the past year (Goossens et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In light of social factors, the prominent motives for ecstasy (Peters, Kok, & Schaalma, 2008) and cocaine (Van Van der Poel et al, 2009) initiation and continuation included curiosity and social factors, respectively (Van der Poel et al, 2009;Vervaeke, Van Deursen, & Kof, 2008). Many authors report that social norms regarding substance use highly affect adolescents and young adults (Dennhardt & Murphy, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Party-Drug Use and Associated Problems among University Students in the Netherlands

Kunst

Gebhardt

2018

Substance Use & Misuse

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Background: Recent developments in drug use patterns call for an investigation of current party-drug use and associated problems among college students, who appear to be an important target population for harm reduction interventions. Objectives: In addition to reporting on party-drug use prevalence, we investigated whether initial use and continuation of party-drug use among students was associated with demographic, personality and psychosocial factors. Methods: An online questionnaire was administered to 446 students from a Dutch university, inquiring about party-drug use, demographic characteristics, social norms and personality (big five, impulsiveness, aggression). Univariate and multivariate bootstrapped linear regression analyses were used. Results: Of all students, 22.9% indicated having used party-drugs at least once, with a notable sex difference (39.2% of men vs. 16.2% of women). In contrast to the reported trends in Dutch nightlife, GHB was used rarely (lifetime 1.6%) and new psychoactive substances (NPS; 6.7%) appeared almost equally popular as amphetamines (7.6%) and cocaine (7%). Mild health/psychosocial problems (e.g., doing embarrassing things, feeling unwell) were common (65%), whereas serious problems (e.g., being hospitalized) were rare. Neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness and impulsiveness were associated with lifetime but not regular party-drug use. Of all predictors, lifetime and regular party-drug use were most strongly related to lenient injunctive and descriptive norms in friends, and a low motivation to comply with parents. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that harm reduction/preventive interventions might profit from focusing on social norms, and targeting students who are highly involved in a pro-party-drug environment while experiencing less parental influence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Party-Drug Use and Associated Problems among University Students in the Netherlands

Kunst

Gebhardt

2018

Substance Use & Misuse

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“…Znaczna liczba osób używa kokainy eksperymentalnie -raz lub kilka razy w życiu [34]. Szacuje się, że wśród osób, które spróbują substancji psychoaktywnej, u ok. 1/4 wystąpią objawy uzależnienia [22].…”

Section: Charakterystyka Osób Używających Kokainyunclassified

Cocaine – Characteristics and addiction

Girczys-Połedniok¹,

Pudło²,

Jarząb³

et al. 2016

Med Pr

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StreszczenieUżywanie kokainy niesie konsekwencje zdrowotne, społeczne i prawne. Celem publikacji jest omówienie działania kokainy, charakterystyki osób używających, schematów i konsekwencji uzależnienia oraz metod leczenia. Przeglądu literatury dokonano, używając baz bibliograficznych Medline, PubMed i Polskiej Bibliografii Lekarskiej oraz zasobów Biblioteki Śląskiej. Korzystano również ze statystyk policji i Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego oraz raportów Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia (World Health Organization), Europejskiego Centrum Monitorowania Narkotyków i Narkomanii (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction) oraz polskiego Krajowego Biura ds. Przeciwdziałania Narkomanii. Kokaina powoduje poprawę samopoczucia, zmniejszenie łaknienia, wzrost aktywności fizycznej i intelektualnej, euforię, zawyżoną samoocenę, łatwość nawiązywania kontaktów i nasilenie popędu seksualnego. Chlorowodorek kokainy stosuje się głównie donosowo, ale także w postaci wstrzyknięć dożylnych i podskórnych. Pierwsze zażycie kokainy i pierwsze leczenie odwykowe przypadają w późniejszym wieku niż w przypadku pozostałych nielegalnych substancji psychoaktywnych. Wśród osób uzależnionych od kokainy znacząco przeważają męż-czyźni. Stwierdzono związek kokainizmu z obecnością innych zaburzeń psychicznych i somatycznych oraz genetyczną predyspozycję do rozwoju uzależnienia. Polskie doniesienia wskazują na większe rozpowszechnienie tego narkotyku wśród osób o wysokim statusie ekonomicznym i społecznym. Mimo że Polska należy do krajów o niskim odsetku stosowania kokainy, jej popularność rośnie. Konsekwencje używania kokainy dotyczą zdrowia somatycznego i psychicznego oraz warunków socjalnych, społecz-no-ekonomicznych i prawnych. Używanie kokainy niejednokrotnie było przyczyną przestępstw i wypadków komunikacyjnych. Z uwagi na zagrożenia związane ze stosowaniem kokainy została ona umieszczona w wykazie środków odurzających w Ustawie o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii. Leczenie uzależnienia obejmuje terapię psychologiczną i farmakologiczną oraz strategię redukcji szkód. Med. Pr. 2016;67(4):537-544 Słowa kluczowe: substancje psychoaktywne, kokaina, używanie narkotyków, uzależnienia, crack, redukcja szkód AbstractCocaine use leads to health, social and legal problems. The aim of this paper is to discuss cocaine action, addicts characteristics, use patterns and consequences, as well as addiction treatment methods. A literature review was based on the Medline, PubMed, Polish Medical Bibliography databases and the Silesian Library resources. The Police and Central Statistical Office statistics, as well as the World Health Organization, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and the National Office for Combating Drug Addiction reports were used. Cocaine leads to mood improvement, appetite decrease, physical and intellectual activity enhancement, euphoria, inflated self-esteem, social networking ease and increased sexual desire. Cocaine hydrochloride is mainly used intranasaly, but also as intravenous and subcutaneous injections....

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“…While in the second group, which also includes heroin addicts in treatment, it is difficult to identify the primary substance of abuse as well as identify which specific problems are related to cocaine use, socially integrated drug users use cocaine mainly in recreational contexts. They also use cannabis and nearly one third have never used cocaine regularly [3,4,8,9,17]. Therefore, it is very important to expand the analyses of this group to identify factors that lead some of these subjects to seek treatment for cocaine abuse at public or private treatment centers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many cocaine users understand that cocaine has negative collateral effects and, in an effort to control them, try to regulate their use of it [8]; however, information on the composition, effects, and use is still not widespread [9]. While it is difficult to predict and quantify who could potentially develop problematic models of consumption [8], it is estimated that approximately 6% of cocaine users develop dependence within 2 years of first use and 15% within 10 years; dependence is more probable in young adults, adolescents, females, crack users, and users who inject [10,11,12,13,14,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Seeking Treatment for Cocaine Abuse: A Case-Control Study

Pavarin¹,

Consonni

Berardi

2012

Eur Addict Res

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The objective of this study, which targeted long-term socially integrated cocaine users (in powder form, no heroin), was to analyze potential determinants of request for treatment for primary cocaine abuse. Two hundred and twenty-three cases (users who sought treatment for primary cocaine abuse) and 223 controls (users who did not seek treatment) were interviewed in Italy. A semistructured interview was created. Conditional logistic regression models were used. Cases had begun consuming illicit substances later, started using cocaine quicker, had high-risk drinking habits, had more intense recent use of cocaine, and used alone and at work. Some of the motivations of use that characterize subjects who seek treatment (to experience a ‘high’, disinhibition, avoidance, and to feel more confident) seem specifically to obtain immediate gratification, without concern for future consequences. Variability in cocaine abusers seeking treatment has been a long-recognized feature of this population and the results show that the appropriate target population (cocaine users experiencing problems and using more frequently) is reached by treatment services.

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Trends, motivations and settings of recreational cocaine use by adolescents and young adults in the Netherlands

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Party-Drug Use and Associated Problems among University Students in the Netherlands

Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Party-Drug Use and Associated Problems among University Students in the Netherlands

Cocaine – Characteristics and addiction

Determinants of Seeking Treatment for Cocaine Abuse: A Case-Control Study

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