Trends of Follow-Up Clinic Visits and Admissions Three-Months Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: an Interrupted Time Series Analysis

Abebe, Workeabeba; Worku, Alemayehu; Moges, Tamirat; Tekle, Nuhamin; Amogne, Wondowossen; Haile, Tewodros; Mekonen, Desalew; Habtamu, Abebe; Deressa, Wakgari

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-135977/v1

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 2021:14 4944 a negative influence on the care-seeking behavior of people with chronic medical illnesses, with the impact being greater among those with severe disease and in dread of COVID-19, 51 as further augmented by a drop in emergency admissions and follow-up clinic appointments at referral hospitals. 52 Therefore, self-medication may be of particular interest to a significant segment of the population, because it allows people with minor ailments to make independent decisions about how to manage their health and well-being without having to go to the hospital. 35 This might also explain the finding that 78.4% of the participants responded that self-medication would be their immediate action if they got sick.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extent of and Factors Associated with Self-Medication among Clients Visiting Community Pharmacies in the Era of COVID-19: Does It Relieve the Possible Impact of the Pandemic on the Health-Care System?

Tekeba¹,

Ayele²,

Negash³

et al. 2021

RMHP

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Background Self-medication is one aspect of self-care that has been shown to benefit primary health care. When done correctly, it provides significant benefits to customers, such as self-reliance and cost savings. Inappropriate methods, on the other hand, such as incorrect self-diagnosis and therapy selection, can be disastrous. The COVID-19 pandemic context may benefit the community in easing the burden on the health system. There have been no studies conducted on this possibility in the context of COVID-19 in a selected area, hence the purpose of this study was to determine the extent of and factors associated with self-medication among clients visiting community pharmacies in west Harerghe, Ethiopia from June 1 to 30, 2020. Methods This institution-based cross-sectional study used a systemic random sample of 416 community-pharmacy clients. To collect data, face-to-face interviews were conducted using pretested semistructured questionnaires modified from established techniques. EpiData 3.1 was used to enter data and SPSS 24 for analysis. To determine factors associated with self-medications, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. AORs with 95% CIs are used to report associations, and the level of significance was set at P <0.05. Results The proportion of people self-medicating was 73.6% (95% CI 69.2%–77.9%). Self-medications were significantly associated with age 18–24 years (AOR 9.28, 95% CI 3.56–24.21) and 25–34 years (AOR 3.54, 95% CI 1.35–9.27), Amhara ethnicity (AOR 1.72, 95% CI 1.01–2.94), current single status (AOR 0.28, 95% CI 0.15–0.51), government employment (AOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12–0.82), and limited knowledge (AOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.40–3.79). Conclusion Three in four participants practiced self-medication in the era of COVID-19. Repetition was significantly associated with age, ethnicity, current marital status, type of occupation, and knowledge about self-medications. An alternative medical care–delivery system by all health-care providers and increasing community awareness should be promoted.

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Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extent of and Factors Associated with Self-Medication among Clients Visiting Community Pharmacies in the Era of COVID-19: Does It Relieve the Possible Impact of the Pandemic on the Health-Care System?

Tekeba¹,

Ayele²,

Negash³

et al. 2021

RMHP

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“…For the years 2020 and 2021, we saw a notable decrease of patient admissions in the hospital sentinel. This effect was observed worldwide and was probably due to a combination of aspects such as the cancelling of elective operations and an increased hesitancy to use the health service in general and especially hospitals (37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). As we had stable catchment population estimations in the preceding years, using a fixed catchment population derived from the median of previous years was justified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICD-10 based syndromic surveillance enables robust estimation of burden of severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization and intensive care treatment

Tolksdorf

Haas

Schuler

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Objective: With the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) countries had to establish COVID-19 surveillance by adapting existing systems, such as the mandatory notification system and syndromic surveillance systems. We estimated COVID-19 hospitalization and ICU burden from existing severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) surveillance and compared it to COVID-19 notification data. Methods: Using data from the ICD-10 based hospital sentinel, we estimated SARI incidence and validated our estimations retrospectively using full population data. We estimated age-specific incidences for COVID-19 hospitalization and ICU for the first three COVID-19 waves in Germany, based on information of SARI cases (COVID-SARI). We compared these estimations to hospitalization and ICU burden of COVID-19 from notification data and described potential underreporting of hospitalizations in notification data. Findings: The estimation of SARI incidence from sentinel data corresponded very well to full population data. The estimated COVID-SARI incidence matched the notified COVID-19 hospitalization incidence in the first wave, but was much higher during the second and the third wave. The proportion of unknown hospitalization status among notified COVID-19 cases was much higher in the later waves compared to the first wave. For all waves, the ICU incidence estimated from COVID-SARI was considerably higher than the results from notification data. Conclusion: The use of SARI sentinel data adds valid and important information for assessing COVID-19 hospitalization and ICU burden, especially in times with high case numbers where notification data may be more incomplete.

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“…In response, there were closure of health facilities, reduction in services, and many health workers were redeployed to COVID-19 treatment centers [10,40]. Second, there was fear of exposure to coronavirus while receiving care and many decided to forgo or delay care even when needed [41]. Third, as part of the state of emergency measures, the government also restricted movements of people for five months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health service utilization across regions of Ethiopia: An interrupted time series analysis of health information system data from 2019–2020

Mebratie

Nega

Gage

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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The spread of COVID-19 and associated deaths have remained low in Ethiopia. However, the pandemic could pose a public health crisis indirectly through disruptions in essential health services. The aim of this study was to examine disruptions in health service utilization during the first nine months of the COVID-19 pandemic across 10 regions in Ethiopia. We analyzed utilization of 21 different health services across all of Ethiopia (except the Tigray region) for the period of January 2019 to December 2020. Data were extracted from the Ethiopian district health information system (DHIS2). Monthly visits in 2020 were graphed relative to the same months in 2019. Interrupted time series analysis was used to estimate the effect of the pandemic on service utilization in each region. We found that disruptions in health services were generally higher in urban regions which were most affected by COVID. Outpatient visits declined by 52%, 54%, and 58%, specifically in Dire Dawa, Addis Ababa and Harari, the three urban regions. Similarly, there was a 47% reduction in inpatient admissions in Addis Ababa. In agrarian regions, the pandemic caused an 11% to 17% reduction in outpatient visits and a 10% to 27% decline in inpatient admissions. Visits for children with diarrhea, pneumonia and malnutrition also declined substantially while maternal health services were less affected. Our study indicates that disruptions in health services were more pronounced in areas that were relatively harder hit by the pandemic. Our results show that the Ethiopian health system has a limited capacity to absorb shocks. During future waves of COVID or future pandemics, the Ethiopian health system must be better prepared to maintain essential services and mitigate the indirect impact of the pandemic on public health, particularly in urban areas.

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Trends of Follow-Up Clinic Visits and Admissions Three-Months Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: an Interrupted Time Series Analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Extent of and Factors Associated with Self-Medication among Clients Visiting Community Pharmacies in the Era of COVID-19: Does It Relieve the Possible Impact of the Pandemic on the Health-Care System?

Extent of and Factors Associated with Self-Medication among Clients Visiting Community Pharmacies in the Era of COVID-19: Does It Relieve the Possible Impact of the Pandemic on the Health-Care System?

ICD-10 based syndromic surveillance enables robust estimation of burden of severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization and intensive care treatment

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health service utilization across regions of Ethiopia: An interrupted time series analysis of health information system data from 2019–2020

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