Trends of obesity and overweight among children and adolescents in China

Hong, Ye; Ullah, Rahim; Wang, Jianbing; Fu, Junfen

doi:10.1007/s12519-023-00709-7

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Meanwhile, central obesity, insulin resistance, and weight gain are major risk factors for NAFLD [ 18 ]. Additionally, other factors related to sex, such as sex-chromosome complement, genetic and epigenetic factors, circadian rhythm, gut microbiota, individual lifestyle, cultural sex bias in parental feeding practices, and societal ideals of body size, might also play a role in the sexual difference in pre-pubertal NAFLD prevalence [ 5 , 19 , 20 ]. Another interesting finding was the peak in the prevalence rate in girls at around 11 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents: a large cross-sectional study

Jin,

Wu,

Wang

et al. 2023

Hepatol Int

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Objective Previous studies have reported sex differences in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among adults; however, little is known about its occurrence in children and adolescents. This study aims to examine the prevalence of NAFLD among them and investigate the relationship between sex hormones and NAFLD. Method This study included 2999 obese Chinese children aged 2–18 years. We examined the prevalence of NAFLD by sex, age, and Tanner stage. The regression model and principal component analysis were used to analyze the relationship between sex hormones and NAFLD. Results The prevalence of NAFLD increased with age in both sexes, and the gender difference appeared before puberty. The prevalence in boys tended to stabilize at the age of 11 years, whereas girls reached their peak temporarily. NAFLD prevalence was positively associated with estradiol in boys (p = 0.011), but the opposite trend was observed in girls (p = 0.031). Testosterone levels decreased with the increase of NAFLD prevalence in boys (p < 0.001). Luteinizing hormone and prolactin were inversely associated with NAFLD prevalence in boys and girls, respectively. Results from the principal component analysis showed that sex hormone levels and fat distribution were important risk factors for the prevalence of NAFLD in obese children (p < 0.001). Conclusion The significant difference in NAFLD prevalence between genders in obese children begins in early childhood. This distinction emerges long before puberty onset and tends to stabilize during late adolescence. Sex hormones are associated with NAFLD prevalence and are influenced by the Tanner stages and fat distribution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents: a large cross-sectional study

Jin,

Wu,

Wang

et al. 2023

Hepatol Int

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“…However, there were diverging trends between urban and rural areas, with a rising smoking prevalence in rural areas [ 119 ]. With economic growth, there has been a rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity among Chinese children [ 120 ]. Importantly, studies have suggested that rapid urbanisation and obesity may contribute to a decline in lung function in children [ 121 ].…”

Section: The Chinese Situationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social determinants of respiratory health from birth: still of concern in the 21st century?

Bush,

Byrnes,

Chan

et al. 2024

Eur Respir Rev

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Respiratory symptoms are ubiquitous in children and, even though they may be the harbinger of poor long-term outcomes, are often trivialised. Adverse exposures pre-conception, antenatally and in early childhood have lifetime impacts on respiratory health. For the most part, lung function tracks from the pre-school years at least into late middle age, and airflow obstruction is associated not merely with poor respiratory outcomes but also early all-cause morbidity and mortality. Much would be preventable if social determinants of adverse outcomes were to be addressed. This review presents the perspectives of paediatricians from many different contexts, both high and low income, including Europe, the Americas, Australasia, India, Africa and China. It should be noted that there are islands of poverty within even the highest income settings and, conversely, opulent areas in even the most deprived countries. The heaviest burden of any adverse effects falls on those of the lowest socioeconomic status. Themes include passive exposure to tobacco smoke and indoor and outdoor pollution, across the entire developmental course, and lack of access even to simple affordable medications, let alone the new biologicals. Commonly, disease outcomes are worse in resource-poor areas. Both within and between countries there are avoidable gross disparities in outcomes. Climate change is also bearing down hardest on the poorest children. This review highlights the need for vigorous advocacy for children to improve lifelong health. It also highlights that there are ongoing culturally sensitive interventions to address social determinants of disease which are already benefiting children.

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“…Like other most of countries the prevalence of obesity in Chinse children was also increased from 0.1% in 1985 to 6.4% ( Dong et al, 2019 ). Since obesity is a significant concern due to its impact on children’s health, leading to diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, monitoring the status of obesity in children is crucial ( Hong et al, 2023 ). Additionally, PA plays a key role in body composition and metabolism ( Nowicka and Flodmark, 2007 ), making physical inactivity a critical health issue for preschool children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity level correlates with obesity-related factors, but not with fundamental movement skills in preschool children: a cross-sectional study

He,

Kang

2024

J Exerc Rehabil

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This study aimed to examine the differences in physical activity (PA) level, fundamental movement skill (FMS), and obesity-related factors in preschoolers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 426 preschool children aged 3–5 years. Participants were assigned to the low PA group (LPAG), moderate PA group (MPAG), and high PA group (HPAG) according to the total score obtained in the PA questionnaire for young children. FMS and obesity-related factors were also analyzed. PA was compared by age and sex, and FMS and obesity-related factors were compared between groups. Significant differences were found according to sex. Boys were more active than girls in the 3–4 years age group, but no significant differences were observed at the age of 5 years. LPAG showed lower FMS than MPAG and HPAG, although this was not statistically significant. However, body mass index (BMI), BMI <i>z</i>-score, body fat, and muscle mass showed significant differences in terms of PA levels. Consideration of age and sex is crucial in promoting PA among preschoolers. Additionally, better obesity-related factors are associated with higher PA levels, and FMS may be a useful tool in evaluating health and fitness.

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Trends of obesity and overweight among children and adolescents in China

Cited by 26 publications

References 106 publications

Gender differences in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents: a large cross-sectional study

Gender differences in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents: a large cross-sectional study

Social determinants of respiratory health from birth: still of concern in the 21st century?

Physical activity level correlates with obesity-related factors, but not with fundamental movement skills in preschool children: a cross-sectional study

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