Trends of the German biotech market

Reshetnikova, Marina S.; Pugacheva, Irina A.; Lukina, Yulia

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202129501037

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…Despite the significant advancements made within the field of molecular farming, the translation of plant-derived mAbs to market is a timely issue due to the limited amount of funding and resources allocated to molecular farming research, which results in the restriction of the commercial utilization of plant-based platforms for mAb production in LMICs [ 120 ]. Currently, there are no plant-produced anti-cancer mAbs approved for clinical use; however, with the biotechnology market predicted to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.83% by 2028, it is expected that research focusing on plant-produced antibodies, including pembrolizumab and nivolumab, will significantly increase, potentially leading to their clinical use for cancer immunotherapy [ 121 ].…”

Section: Advantages and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Farming of Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab

Stark

Joubert

Visagie

2023

IJMS

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a class of immunotherapy agents capable of alleviating the immunosuppressive effects exerted by tumorigenic cells. The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint is one of the most ubiquitous checkpoints utilized by tumorigenic cells for immune evasion by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the proliferation and cytokine production of T lymphocytes. Currently, the most frequently used ICIs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint include monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) pembrolizumab and nivolumab that bind to PD-1 on T lymphocytes and inhibit interaction with PD-L1 on tumorigenic cells. However, pembrolizumab and nivolumab are costly, and thus their accessibility is limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, it is essential to develop novel biomanufacturing platforms capable of reducing the cost of these two therapies. Molecular farming is one such platform utilizing plants for mAb production, and it has been demonstrated to be a rapid, low-cost, and scalable platform that can be potentially implemented in LMICs to diminish the exorbitant prices, ultimately leading to a significant reduction in cancer-related mortalities within these countries.

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Section: Advantages and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Farming of Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab

Stark

Joubert

Visagie

2023

IJMS

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COVID-19 Pandemic and Vaccine Imperialism

Seretis,

Mavroudeas,

Aksu Tanık

et al. 2024

Review of Radical Political Economics

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The COVID-19 pandemic revealed and exacerbated the global inequalities regarding the availability and access to vaccines. Many terms have appeared in the academic literature (“vaccine colonialism,” “vaccine nationalism,” “vaccine apartheid”) trying to capture and interpret these inequalities, failing in most cases to realistically explain the upstream causes of the observed injustices. A Marxist perspective on the contrary emphasizes the structural causes of inequalities in capitalism and attributes them to the existence of economic exploitation. “Vaccine imperialism,” which refers to the control that advanced industrialized countries exert on the development, production, and distribution of vaccines at the expense of less-developed economies, can describe and explain in a more realistic way the observed inequalities during the pandemic. Our study proposes a circuit of vaccine imperialism that explains how economic imperialist exploitation takes place via transfers of value from less-developed economies (vaccine recipient countries) to imperialist economies (vaccine producing and patent holder countries) using four different channels: (a) protection of intellectual property (IP) rights (patents), (b) earnings from royalty payments for the use of vaccines (monopolistic prices and profits), (c) exercise of monopoly power on the production and distribution of vaccines (control over the quantity of vaccines supplied, exclusion of competitors through vaccine licensing), and (d) public debt servicing. JEL Classification: I14, I18, D43, F54, F55, H51

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Trends of the German biotech market

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Molecular Farming of Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab

Molecular Farming of Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab

COVID-19 Pandemic and Vaccine Imperialism

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