Trends so far in Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology: State of the art

Abstract

Hydrogen is known to be the cleanest fuel due to its zeroemission capability. It's inherently immense energy content makes it the fuel for future but, it's economical, safe and efficient usage for power generation remains a challenge. Fuel cell is a chemical device that runs on hydrogen and oxygen gases to give out electricity and water that is capable of replacing the conventional fossil-fuels in various applications. This paper gives construction and functional details of various fuel cells that are commercially available. The reported types of fuel cell are categorized based on fuel oxidizer electrolyte, state of aggregation of the reactants, and electrolyte/operating temperatures. The operational parameters of each type are disclosed. Pros and cons of specific fuel cell types are listed along with their possible applications. Further, performance of typical fuel cells is analyzed with the help of a polarization curve and their respective efficiencies. The presented work summarizes the trends in hydrogen fuel cell market and throws light on the technology that probably would contribute towards sustainable development of society. The state of the art review on this promising technology would help better understanding the future directions of a sustainable energy development and its usage thereof.

Electrochemical hydrogen storage: Achievements, emerging trends, and perspectives

“…This is solid state storage method of hydrogen for application in electrochemical systems like battery, fuel cell, super capacitors, etc. 13,14 To meet US DOE targets for fueled power vehicles, this method is quite promising as it can store hydrogen reversibly at low temperature and pressure. 15,16 On the basis of mechanisms, electrochemical hydrogen storage is categorized into two approaches (shown in Figure 3): absorption-and adsorption-based storages.…”

“…This is solid state storage method of hydrogen for application in electrochemical systems like battery, fuel cell, super capacitors, etc 13,14 . To meet US DOE targets for fueled power vehicles, this method is quite promising as it can store hydrogen reversibly at low temperature and pressure 15,16 .…”

Cost–benefit comparison of fuel cell–based and battery‐based renewable energy systems

“…In the proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell, there are two electrodes (anode and cathode), which are separated by a semi‐permeable membrane. The explanation of FC is extensively given in literature 20‐28 . The overall electro‐chemical equation of FC is represented in Equation (). …”

“…The explanation of FC is extensively given in literature. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] The overall electro-chemical equation of FC is represented in Equation (5).…”

Modeling Of Control System for Hydrogen and Oxygen Gas Flow into PEMFC Based on Load Demand by Using Fuzzy Controller

“…PEM fuel cells is an electrochemical devices that are able to convert chemical energy into electrical energy that is environmentally friendly because it uses hydrogen and oxygen with heat and water as waste products [1]. Hydrogen has zero emissions so it can be stated as the cleanest fuel [2]. In fuel cell system, the stability of hydrogen pressure is very important for the performance of the whole system [3].…”